Table 2 Associations between smoking and participant demographics.

Family type

South Korean mother–Foreign father

(0.66–2.40)

(1.13–5.90)

South Korean father–Foreign mother

(0.79–1.25)

(1.11–2.00)

Both Foreign parents

(1.73–3.66)

(2.34–6.23)

Both South Korean parents

School year

7th

8th

(1.99–2.54)

(1.88–2.77)

9th

(3.30–4.18)

(2.33–3.35)

10th

(4.21–5.30)

(2.50–3.58)

11th

(4.55–5.73)

(2.42–3.47)

12th

(5.04–6.34)

(2.38–3.40)

Economic situation

Good

Average

(0.82–0.89)

(0.79–0.90)

Bad

(0.85–0.97)

(0.88–1.07)

Academic grade

Good

Average

(1.15–1.27)

(0.99–1.17)

Bad

(1.78–1.97)

(1.73–2.02)

Mother's education

Middle school

(0.96–1.31)

(1.11–1.65)

High school

(1.04–1.15)

(1.04–1.20)

University

Father's education

Middle school

(1.09–1.44)

(0.97–1.43)

High school

(1.05–1.16)

(1.12–1.30)

University

Alcohol use

Yes

(7.21–7.94)

(12.66–15.29)

No

Stress

A lot

(0.91–1.12)

(0.60–1.01)

A little

(0.88–1.07)

(0.56–0.94)

None

Depression

Yes

(1.31–1.45)

(1.41–1.61)

No

Suicide ideation

Yes

(1.10–1.27)

(1.42–1.65)

No

Region

Metropolitans

Rurals

(0.96–1.18)

(0.77–1.08)

Smoking exposure at home

Yes

(1.26–1.37)

(1.26–1.43)

No