Table 4 Putative compounds and their retention times (RT) identified by Similarity Percentage Analysis (SIMPER) that contributed towards the chemical dissimilarity between elephant groups.

From: A pachyderm perfume: odour encodes identity and group membership in African elephants

Retention time (RT)

Putative ID

Temporal

15.71

1-Hexene

18.73

Acetic Acid * **

27.59

Pentanoic Acid^*

25.42

Benzaldehyde, 4-methoxy-,oxime*^

27.09

Geranyl acetone*^

36.02

Phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)

26.45

Hexanedioic acid, dimethyl ester

27.4

Hexanoic acid* **

Genital

27.54

Pentanoic acid^*

31.87

Phenol, 4-methyl-* **^ P

18.73

Acetic acid* **

32.02

Phenol, 3-methyl-* ** P

18.64

1-Hexanol, 2-ethyl- * **

25.45

Hexanoic acid * **

23.78

Pentanedioic acid, dimethyl ester

36.02

Phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-

Buccal

27.47

Pentanoic acid^*

25.81

Undecanoic acid, 10-methyl-, methyl ester**

18.61

Acetic acid* **

18.75

Decyl Aldehyde*

18.7

1-Hexanol, 2-ethyl-* **

30.16

Tetradecanoic acid, methyl ester* **

25.75

Dodecanoic acid, methyl ester* **

15.6

Nonanoic acid, 9-oxo-, methyl ester

34.07

Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester* **

27.54

Butanoic acid, 3-methyl-^*

34.54

7-Hexadecenoic acid

36.04

Phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-

18.55

Nonanoic acid, methyl ester**

21.02

Decanoic acid, methyl ester* **

23.73

2(3H)-Furanone, 5-ethyldihydro-

  1. Bold semiochemical in elephants30,32,33,52,53,54,55,56,57 P Pheromone in elephants. *Confirmed semiochemical in mammals55. **of mammalian origin56. ^Characterised signaling compound in mammals57.