Table 2 Overall 3D stacked antenna performance.

From: Microwave brain imaging system to detect brain tumor using metamaterial loaded stacked antenna array

Evaluation steps

Operating frequency (GHz)

Bandwidth (GHz)

Resonance frequency (GHz), under − 10 dB

Realized gain (dBi) at 2.96 GHz

Efficiency (%)

Antenna-1

1.94–2.94

1.00

2.29, − 41.50

3.36

79.13

Antenna-2

1.89–3.04

1.15

2.24, − 38.07

3.86

81.32

Antenna-3

1.69–3.10

1.41

2.29, − 29.91

5.38

87.84

Antenna-4

1.61–3.10

1.49

2.27, − 28.55, 2.92, − 21.21

5.68

88.59

Antenna-5

1.55–3.06

1.51

2.21, − 26.59, 2.91, − 29.47

6.54

93.89

Proposed

1.43–3.12

1.69

2.24, − 40.45, 2.66, − 31.34, 2.84, − 41.57

6.74

95.06

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