Figure 3

Hemodynamics parameter: (a) Regurgitant flow velocity waveform at the paravalvular leakage cite (Apical 5 chamber view); (b) Parasternal short-axis color doppler view of the prosthetic valve and the paravalvular leakage area (Vena contracta area: 1.04 cm2) and its circumferential extent with respect to prosthetic valve diameter (35%); (c) Long axis color doppler view of paravalvular leakage jet interaction with diastolic flow behind the posterior mitral valve leaflet. Geometrical parameters: (d) Parasternal long-axis view associated with different parts of the aortic root and ascending aorta before TAVR; (e) Parasternal short-axis view of aortic valve before TAVR; (f) M-Mode measurement of ascending aorta before TAVR; (g) Parasternal long-axis view associated with different parts of the aortic root, prosthetic frame and ascending aorta after TAVR; (h) Parasternal short-axis view of TAVR; (i) M-Mode measurement of ascending aorta after TAVR.