Table 2 Clinical and pharmacological characteristics of the sample.
Healthy controls n = 25 | Bipolar patients ≤ 3 years of the disease n = 25 | Bipolar patients ≥ 10 years of the disease n = 25 | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Illness duration (years)a | N/A | 2.52 (± 0.65) | 15.64 (± 6.81) | p < 0.001d |
Age of onset (years)a | N/A | 22.1 (± 7.01) | 25.1 (± 6.17) | p = 0.62d |
HAMD-17 total scorea | 4.32 (± 2.49) | 4.10 (± 2.02) | 3.71 (± 1.46) | p = 0.53b |
YMRS total scorea | 0.56 (± 0.86) | 0.88 (± 1.01) | 1.28 (± 1.13) | p = 0.08c |
FAST score, median (IQR) | 9 (7) | 22 (10) | 23 (20) | p < 0.001c |
FAB score, median (IQR) | 16 (3) | 14 (4.5) | 14 (3,5) | p < 0.001b |
Hospitalizations n (%) | N/A | 12 (48) | 8 (32) | |
Duration hospitalizations (day)a | N/A | 13.4 (± 24.3) | 13.0 (± 36.6) | p = 0.90d |
Suicide attempts n | N/A | 18 | 40 | |
Family history of affective disorders n (%) | N/A | 10 (40) | 13 (52) | |
Psychoeducation Yes, n (%) | N/A | 21 (84) | 20 (80) | |
Treatment n (%) | ||||
Lithium | N/A | 13 (52) | 15 (60) | |
Other mood stabilizers | N/A | 11 (44) | 13 (52) | |
Atypical antipsychotics | N/A | 8 (32) | 12 (48) | |
Typical antipsychotics | N/A | 2 (8) | 0 (0) | |
Antidepressants | N/A | 7 (28) | 7 (28) | |
Benzodiazepines | N/A | 2 (8) | 7 (28) | |
