Table 6 Results of FAB subtests in Euthymic Patients with ≤ 3 years and ≥ 10 years of the disease.

From: Neuroinflammation and neuroprogression produced by oxidative stress in euthymic bipolar patients with different onset disease times

 

Healthy control n = 25 (a)

Euthymic patients BD ≤ 3 years n = 25 (b)

Euthymic patients BD ≥ 10 years n = 25 (c)

p value

POS-HOC analysis

f2

FAB total score

15.84 (± 1.55)

14.64 (± 2.48)

12.44 (± 2.78)

p < 0.001∗∗a

a ≈ b b > c a > c

0.6042

FAB subtests

1. Similarities (conceptualization)

1.88 (± 0.88)

1.52 (± 1.15)

1.28 (± 1.02)

p < 0.03*a

a ≈ b b ≈ c a > c

0.240

2. Lexical fluency (mental flexibility)

2.68 (± 0.47)

2.48 (± 0.58)

2.56 (± 0.65)

p > 0.05a

n.s

0.143

3. Motor series (motor programming)

2.92 (± 0.27)

2.84 (± 0.47)

2.48 (± 0.87)

p < 0.02*a

a ≈ b b ≈ c a > c

0.323

4. Conflicting instruction (sensitivity to interference)

2.92 (± 0.27)

2.56 (± 0.77)

2.36 (± 0.95)

p < 0.02*a

a ≈ b b ≈ c a > c

0.331

5. Go-no go task (inhibitory control)

2.32 (± 1.14)

1.52 (± 1.50)

1.60 (± 1.41)

p < 0.05*a

a ≈ b b ≈ c a > c

0.299

6. Prehension behaviour (environmental autonomy)

2.96 (± 0.20)

2.84 (± 0.47)

2.76 (± 0.72)

p > 0.05a

n.s

0.274

  1. Means ± standard deviation (SD). FAB = Frontal Assessment Battery. n.s. = no significant aKruskal–Wallis followed by Dunn´s post hoc to FAB test. [*] indicate FAB scores significantly different between groups. * p < 0.05 ** p < 0.001. f2 = the overall Cohen’s effect size.
  2. This image was obtained with permission (IJAERS). Image origin: Cyrino et al., (2021). Assessment of different domain impairments in Cognitive Functions and Functionalities found in Euthymic Patients with Bipolar Disorder I / II - during the early and late phases of the disease, using the FAB and FAST tests. International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science (IJAERS). 8, 401-433.
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