Table 1 Comparison between some recently reported probes and their sensitivity towards fluoride and arsenate.
Probe | Method | Solvent | Anions detected | LOD | Detection time | Recyclability | Recovery of anions (%) | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F- | AsO43− | ||||||||
Cobalt oxyhydroxide nanozyme | Colorimetric, electrochemical | Water | No | Yes | 3.72 ppb | – | – | 95–104 | |
EDOT-functionalized Calix[4]pyrrole | Electrochemical | Water | Yes | No | 0.19 ppm | – | – | – | |
ZnFe2O4 microspheres ionic liquid | Electrochemical | Water | No | Yes | 0.00092 ppb | – | – | – | |
Luminescent lanthanide MOF | Luminescence | Water | Yes | No | 0.1 ppm | 5 min | Yes | – | |
MOF | Fluorescence | Water | No | Yes | 15.7 ppb | 10 min | Yes | – | |
Supramolecular lanthanide dimers | Fluorescence | Water | Yes | No | 0.74 ppb | – | – | – | |
NiCo2O4-x-NH2 modified electrode | Low-pulse-energy LIBS | Water | No | Yes | 8.69 ppb | 10 min | – | 96–104 | |
Fe-GQDs | Fluorescence | Water | No | Yes | 5.1 ppb | – | – | – | |
Zwitterionic spirocyclic metallogel | Fluorescence | Water | Yes | No | 156 ppb | – | – | – | |
ArsenoFluor1 | Fluorescence | THF | No | Yes | 10 ppb | – | Yes | – | |
Oxacalix[4]arene | Fluorescence | Water | Yes | No | 21 ppb | 2 min | Yes | 98–101 | This work |
No | Yes | 1.92 ppb | 2 min | Yes | 99–101 | ||||
