Figure 1

Diagram of experimental timeline. Adult female C57Bl/6 J mice are treated with an escalating dose of oxycodone or saline for 9 days prior to mating for pregestational (PG) exposure. Five days prior to mating (PG day 5) the female mice were switched to a maintenance dose of methadone or continued on with saline exposure. The female mice continued to receive methadone or saline from the day of mating/start of gestation (G0) throughout pregnancy. Methadone and saline were also administered to the mothers during the offspring’s postnatal period from postnatal day 1 (PN1) to PN28 upon which the offspring were weaned. Offspring received no direct administration of opioids or saline during the neonatal period or after weaning. Around 8 weeks of age, male offspring underwent imaging.