Figure 3

ML tree showing the phylogenetic position of Xiphydrioidea within Symphyta based on the mitochondrial nucleotide sequence alignment set (Matrix Mnt). The tree was constructed using IQ-TREE web server37, and it is shown as a representative for twelve phylogenetic trees, including four IQ-TREE (IQ)-based ML, four RAxML (RX)-based ML, and four MrBayes-based BI trees inferred from Matrices Mnt, MNnt, Maa, and MNaa (Figs. S6–17). Node confidence values resulting from the twelve trees are plotted on the respective branches by black, dark gray, gray, and light gray boxes along with ranges of bootstrapping values or posterior probability as specified in the upper left corner. The IQ-based ML, RX-based ML, and BI trees produced based on MNnt showed that the monophyletic Pamphilioidea (asterisk) is placed as sister to all other hymenoterans except for Xyeloidea, whereas all other analyses supported that Pamphilioidea is a sister group of Unicalcarida in common. The group comprising Apocrita, Orussoidea, and Siricoidea is shown as a sister to Cephoidea, according to the topology shown in Fig. S2.