Figure 5

ML tree showing phylogenetic relationships of hymenopteran superfamilies without Orussoidea and Siricoidea based on the mitochondrial nucleotide sequence alignment set (Mnt + A) with the depiction of morphological character transitions of the cenchrus and wasp-waist during the hymenopteran evolution. The tree was constructed using IQ-TREE web server37 and it is shown as a representative for six phylogenetic trees including IQ-TREE (IQ)-based ML, RAxML (RX)-based ML, and MrBayes-based BI trees from Matrices Mnt + A and Maa + A (Figs. S44–49). Node confidence values resulting from the six trees are plotted on the respective branches of the ML tree by black, dark gray, gray, and light gray boxes along with ranges of bootstrapping values or posterior probability as specified in the upper left corner.