Table 1 Clinical data of patients including PSA, Gleason score, clinical stage and clinician based judgement of risk.

	PSA (ng/mL)	Gleason score	Clinical Stage	Risk	TGiA assay					RiA assay					Adjusted* urine volume (mL) tested for each replicate
					PCa cells detected			Mean PCa cells normalized per 1 mL of urine*	SD	PCa cells detected			Mean PCa cell normalized per 1 mL of urine**	SD
					Replicates			Mean PCa cells normalized per 1 mL of urine*	SD	Replicates			Mean PCa cell normalized per 1 mL of urine**	SD
Patient 1	13	Not available	cT1c	High	14	8	11	11	3	9	5	13	9	4	1
Patient 2	7.9	9 (4 + 5)	cT3M1	High	3	11	0	7	6	4	13	0	9	7	1
Patient 3	8.7	7 (3 + 4)	cT1c	Intermediate	20	12	7	4.3	7	12	13	5	3.3	4	3
Patient 4	14	7 (3 + 4)	cT1c	Intermediate low	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2
Patient 5	0.24	9 (5 + 4)	cT1a	Low	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1

The number of PCa cells detected by TGiA and RiA assays of three replicates of patients’ urine samples. OSAM microscopy was used to count the number of cells labelled with the Eu-Probe, and Raman spectroscopic signals of the RiA were approximated based on linear equation obtained from the spiked cells in urine (Fig. S8B). *The adjusted volume of patients’ urine tested for each replicate are shown in the last right column. *The mean PCa cells detected by TGiA and RiA were normalised to cells/mL.

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