Scientific Reports

Table 2 Percentile distribution of various physical fitness test results of community-dwelling older adults.

From: Physical fitness and its correlation with handgrip strength in active community-dwelling older adults

Handgrip strength test (kg)
Age	n	M ± SD	P₅	P₁₀	P₂₅	P₅₀	P₇₅	P₉₀	P₉₅
Male
65–69	97	35.11 ± 0.80	21.80	26.06	30.00	35.60	40.05	44.60	48.67
70–74	133	33.31 ± 0.63	20.47	23.80	28.95	33.70	38.20	41.92	45.15
75–79	150	30.56 ± 0.60	18.93	21.33	25.35	29.50	35.35	39.96	41.99
80–84	111	29.13 ± 0.56	19.44	21.48	24.80	29.40	34.10	36.30	38.52
85–89	36	27.19 ± 1.09	17.43	19.24	21.85	27.75	32.30	37.50	38.65
90-older	18	24.27 ± 1.02	15.90	20.40	21.20	23.20	26.90	31.59
Female
65–69	457	23.95 ± 0.21	17.00	18.40	21.00	23.90	26.70	29.62	31.53
70–74	379	22.79 ± 0.23	15.40	17.00	19.90	23.00	25.90	27.90	30.10
75–79	391	21.33 ± 0.23	13.26	15.50	18.30	21.50	24.30	26.80	28.50
80–84	229	19.99 ± 0.27	13.25	14.80	17.30	20.10	22.45	24.70	26.95
85–89	110	17.63 ± 0.36	12.24	13.00	14.78	17.95	20.30	21.90	23.78
90-older	16	18.31 ± 0.87	12.50	12.85	15.28	20.30	21.33	21.86

Height measurement (cm)
Age	n	M ± SD	P₅	P₁₀	P₂₅	P₅₀	P₇₅	P₉₀	P₉₅
Male
65–69	97	163.36 ± 6.07	152.96	155.08	159.50	163.50	166.60	172.44	174.38
70–74	133	162.84 ± 5.76	152.00	155.30	159.70	163.00	165.90	170.20	173.70
75–79	150	161.32 ± 5.67	150.33	153.19	158.00	161.60	164.58	166.96	171.67
80–84	111	161.09 ± 5.89	151.15	154.12	157.00	161.00	165.05	168.66	170.56
85–89	37	161.36 ± 6.11	149.91	152.74	157.20	160.70	166.65	168.60	171.67
90-older	18	161.09 ± 4.45	155.50	155.74	158.80	162.00	163.65	168.78
Female
65–69	458	152.98 ± 5.49	143.60	146.00	149.20	153.00	156.10	159.53	162.01
70–74	379	152.27 ± 4.98	144.00	146.00	149.00	152.00	156.00	158.96	160.26
75–79	391	151.00 ± 5.28	142.32	144.00	147.20	151.00	154.10	158.00	160.00
80–84	229	149.60 ± 5.32	140.47	142.09	146.63	149.75	153.00	156.21	159.18
85–89	110	148.46 ± 5.99	137.11	140.26	144.38	148.10	151.08	154.72	156.66
90-older	16	146.83 ± 6.77	133.90	134.06	143.00	148.10	152.85	157.16

Weight measurement (kg)
Age	n	M ± SD	P₅	P₁₀	P₂₅	P₅₀	P₇₅	P₉₀	P₉₅
Male
65–69	97	68.45 ± 11.20	51.62	55.06	60.80	67.30	74.80	83.46	90.02
70–74	133	65.99 ± 9.66	50.54	53.02	59.40	65.90	73.00	78.86	84.36
75–79	150	65.12 ± 10.45	47.56	51.06	57.50	64.60	70.88	78.05	82.32
80–84	111	62.94 ± 8.78	49.13	52.52	56.85	62.50	68.55	74.98	79.53
85–89	37	63.99 ± 9.18	50.51	55.88	58.70	65.10	69.10	78.14	80.76
90-older	18	63.01 ± 6.45	54.10	54.18	57.35	63.20	65.40	75.70
Female
65–69	458	60.65 ± 10.57	46.27	48.87	53.45	59.00	65.80	75.10	80.48
70–74	379	59.69 ± 9.21	45.62	49.14	54.00	58.30	65.00	71.74	77.24
75–79	391	57.64 ± 9.01	43.30	46.28	51.00	57.30	63.80	68.98	72.88
80–84	229	56.36 ± 9.12	43.33	44.63	49.20	55.10	61.40	68.91	72.22
85–89	110	54.49 ± 10.81	40.90	42.24	47.25	52.50	58.60	69.33	76.08
90-older	16	50.43 ± 8.68	34.70	36.26	40.25	52.00	56.35	63.66

Single-leg standing test (s)
Age	n	M ± SD	P₅	P₁₀	P₂₅	P₅₀	P₇₅	P₉₀	P₉₅
Male
65–69	110	28.45 ± 1.70	3.99	5.26	13.92	30.00	414.10	42.10	43.49
70–74	133	23.47 ± 1.27	2.25	3.52	10.46	25.58	36.68	41.73	42.89
75–79	147	16.04 ± 1.08	1.87	2.40	5.03	11.61	30.00	37.74	40.81
80–84	103	11.84 ± 1.13	1.62	1.98	3.06	7.01	16.00	32.95	39.74
85–89	30	9.62 ± 1.95	0.55	1.31	2.49	4.76	14.05	29.99	36.33
90-older	11	3.57 ± .048	1.00	1.30	2.55	3.00	5.38	6.00
Female
65–69	494	25.55 ± 0.63	3.69	5.46	13.00	29.99	37.97	41.58	42.48
70–74	379	20.60 ± 0.70	2.00	3.89	8.16	18.00	30.00	40.94	41.53
75–79	375	14.33 ± 0.62	1.72	2.36	4.53	10.01	22.20	32.91	40.32
80–84	201	9.66 ± 0.69	1.33	1.85	3.12	6.00	12.06	22.06	35.93
85–89	88	5.69 ± 0.62	1.24	1.47	2.32	4.08	6.19	11.04	20.19
90-older	11	5.64 ± 2.16	1.28	1.32	1.50	3.70	4.59	22.64

Chair sit-and-reach test (cm)*
Age	n	M ± SD	P₅	P₁₀	P₂₅	P₅₀	P₇₅	P₉₀	P₉₅
Male
65–69	108	0.30 ± 0.96	− 14.80	− 12.41	− 7.95	0.15	7.73	12.47	18.17
70–74	133	1.23 ± 0.95	− 14.39	− 12.04	− 8.30	− 0.80	10.50	17.12	21.59
75–79	147	− 0.49 ± 0.71	− 14.20	− 11.14	− 7.30	− 1.20	4.80	10.54	15.16
80–84	98	− 1.95 ± 1.02	− 15.71	− 13.32	− 10.43	− 4.80	5.45	12.96	17.31
85–89	32	− 5.06 ± 1.88	− 20.97	− 17.04	− 15.00	− 6.30	4.13	7.61	14.60
90-older	10	− 5.36 ± 2.71	− 15.00	− 14.66	− 11.23	− 7.90	− 2.10	13.80
Female
65–69	493	8.26 ± .0.43	− 8.00	− 5.20	1.25	8.10	15.65	21.30	24.50
70–74	379	7.77 ± 0.47	− 7.90	− 3.90	1.10	7.50	14.51	21.56	24.10
75–79	382	6.27 ± .078	-10.29	-7.17	-1.83	6.00	13.43	18.70	20.19
80–84	209	4.55 ± 0.64	-12.30	-8.60	-1.55	4.10	11.30	16.80	19.65
85–89	96	2.63 ± .088	-9.00	-8.20	-3.38	0.85	8.78	14.13	17.83
90-older	13	1.78 ± 2.28	-10.50	-9.74	-5.10	1.80	8.75	14.50

8-foot up-and-go (s)
Age	n	M ± SD	P₅	P₁₀	P₂₅	P₅₀	P₇₅	P₉₀	P₉₅
Male
65–69	110	6.79 ± 0.21	9.77	8.61	7.44	6.32	5.66	5.11	4.94
70–74	135	7.63 ± 0.21	12.97	10.48	8.65	6.89	5.99	5.53	5.11
75–79	150	8.75 ± 0.23	14.03	12.12	9.69	8.22	6.76	6.19	5.68
80–84	105	9.41 ± 0.32	15.89	13.60	10.69	8.49	7.46	6.68	6.23
85–89	33	12.05 ± 0.80	22.37	19.28	14.87	11.41	8.55	6.95	6.69
90-older	13	11.28 ± 0.98		16.85	12.82	12.08	9.64	8.74	8.61
Female
65–69	496	7.02 ± 0.09	9.89	8.92	7.64	6.64	5.93	5.34	5.04
70–74	383	7.69 ± 0.11	12.04	10.32	8.48	7.20	6.34	5.72	5.23
75–79	383	9.06 ± 0.21	14.30	12.49	9.95	8.10	6.93	5.25	5.81
80–84	212	10.33 ± 0.38	19.21	14.07	10.84	9.07	7.72	6.82	6.32
85–89	96	13.29 ± 0.65	26.73	21.46	15.30	11.18	9.36	7.97	7.17
90-older	13	12.80 ± 0.98		18.57	15.38	12.70	10.09	7.64	7.21

30-s chair stand test (number of repeats)
Age	n	M ± SD	P₅	P₁₀	P₂₅	P₅₀	P₇₅	P₉₀	P₉₅
Male
65–69	110	18.7 ± 0.55	11.0	12.1	15.0	18.0	22.0	27.0	29.0
70–74	134	16.9 ± 0.46	8.0	10.0	13.0	17.0	20.0	25.0	25.3
75–79	150	15.7 ± 0.37	9.0	10.0	13.0	15.0	18.0	22.0	25.0
80–84	105	13.8 ± 0.44	6.0	8.0	10.5	14.0	17.0	20.0	21.0
85–89	31	12.2 ± 0.81	3.6	6.2	9.0	12.0	15.0	18.0	20.6
90-older	12	9.3 ± 0.58	6.0	6.0	8.3	9.0	10.8	12.4
Female
65–69	495	18.6 ± 0.22	11.0	12.0	15.0	18.0	22.0	25.0	28.0
70–74	382	16.7 ± 0.26	9.2	11.0	13.0	16.0	20.0	22.0	25.0
75–79	380	15.0 ± 0.23	8.0	10.0	12.0	15.0	18.0	21.0	23.0
80–84	208	13.9 ± 0.28	7.0	9.0	11.0	14.0	16.0	19.0	21.0
85–89	95	11.0 ± 0.48	4.8	5.0	8.0	11.0	15.0	17.4	18.2
90-older	13	8.5 ± 0.75	3.0	4.2	7.0	8.0	11.0	12.2

2-min step test (number of steps)
Age	n	M ± SD	P₅	P₁₀	P₂₅	P₅₀	P₇₅	P₉₀	P₉₅
Male
65–69	109	115.9 ± 1.75	89.5	93.0	103.5	116.0	127.0	137.0	143.5
70–74	133	111.2 ± 1.44	83.0	91.4	102.0	111.0	120.0	132.6	139.3
75–79	147	105.0 ± 1.58	77.4	83.0	95.0	105.0	119.0	128.2	134.6
80–84	98	103.6 ± 1.82	78.9	82.8	94.8	104.0	114.0	122.1	125.0
85–89	30	89.2 ± 4.83	24.8	51.6	76.5	93.5	103.3	117.9	128.6
90 and older	11	89.0 ± 7.46	37.0	40.6	74.0	98.0	107.0	114.8
Female
65–69	492	116.4 ± 0.83	89.7	97.0	108.0	117.0	127.0	136.0	145.0
70–74	373	111.6 ± 0.91	86.0	94.0	103.0	112.0	121.0	132.0	139.0
75–79	372	105.3 ± 1.08	68.7	81.0	95.0	107.0	118.0	128.7	133.0
80–84	203	101.8 ± 1.40	65.2	77.8	93.0	104.0	113.0	122.0	128.6
85–89	88	95.7 ± 2.81	40.9	63.5	88.3	99.5	108.8	120.1	135.7
90-older	12	89.6 ± 8.99		18.9	87.8	100.5	103.5	113.6

30-s arm curl test (number of repeats)
Age	n	M ± SD	P₅	P₁₀	P₂₅	P₅₀	P₇₅	P₉₀	P₉₅
Male
65–69	109	20.6 ± 0.41	15.0	16.0	17.0	20.0	24.0	27.0	27.5
70–74	135	19.0 ± 0.37	12.0	13.6	18.0	19.0	22.0	24.0	26.0
75–79	150	17.2 ± 0.33	10.0	13.0	14.8	17.0	20.0	22.0	23.5
80–84	104	16.4 ± 0.45	8.0	11.0	13.0	17.0	19.0	22.0	25.0
85–89	32	14.6 ± 0.77	6.0	8.9	12.0	14.0	16.0	22.1	24.0
90-older	13	12.2 ± 0.64	9.0	9.0	10.5	12.0	13.5	16.2
Female
65–69	495	20.5 ± 0.18	15.0	16.0	18.0	20.0	23.0	26.0	27.0
70–74	382	19.1 ± 0.21	13.0	15.0	16.0	19.0	22.0	24.7	26.0
75–79	381	17.6 ± 0.22	11.0	12.0	15.0	18.0	21.0	23.0	25.0
80–84	210	16.6 ± 0.28	10.0	12.0	14.0	17.0	19.0	22.0	23.0
85–89	94	14.0 ± 0.50	5.8	7.0	12.0	14.0	17.0	19.5	22.0
90-older	13	13.5 ± 1.09	5.0	5.8	12.0	14.0	15.0	18.8

Timed 6-m walking speed test (s)
Age	n	M ± SD	P₅	P₁₀	P₂₅	P₅₀	P₇₅	P₉₀	P₉₅
Male
65–69	110	4.82 ± 0.15	6.34	5.88	5.22	4.57	4.00	3.68	3.36
70–74	135	4.96 ± 0.11	7.42	6.62	5.40	4.80	4.16	3.73	3.49
75–79	150	5.56 ± 0.12	8.59	7.52	6.17	5.29	4.52	4.10	3.79
80–84	104	6.14 ± 0.19	10.40	8.38	6.80	5.64	5.00	4.51	4.03
85–89	33	7.40 ± 0.37	11.99	10.34	8.91	7.26	5.65	4.75	4.51
90-older	13	7.76 ± 0.47		10.36	9.26	7.60	6.09	5.68	5.50
Female
65–69	496	4.81 ± 0.05	6.38	5.99	5.26	4.62	4.10	3.84	3.56
70–74	383	5.29 ± 0.07	7.38	6.85	5.76	5.10	4.50	4.00	3.71
75–79	382	6.06 ± 0.14	9.95	7.87	6.54	5.59	4.82	4.25	4.00
80–84	212	6.85 ± 0.28	13.44	8.86	7.00	5.98	5.00	4.67	4.35
85–89	96	8.51 ± 0.49	16.90	14.88	9.35	6.99	5.74	5.30	4.52
90-older	13	7.50 ± 0.52		10.36	9.00	7.64	5.75	4.94	4.88

Back scratch test (cm)**
Age	n	M ± SD	P₅	P₁₀	P₂₅	P₅₀	P₇₅	P₉₀	P₉₅
Male
65–69	106	− 14.28 ± 1.27	− 35.30	− 32.00	− 25.00	− 14.50	− 0.75	3.00	4.00
70–74	134	− 14.28 ± 1.21	− 36.00	− 32.50	− 25.00	− 15.00	− 0.88	4.00	7.00
75–79	144	− 16.75 ± 1.13	− 36.75	− 34.50	− 27.38	− 17.00	− 7.63	1.00	3.38
80–84	98	− 16.46 ± 1.38	− 41.00	− 32.30	− 24.25	− 17.00	− 9.75	3.00	6.10
85–89	32	− 18.48 ± 2.72	− 44.35	− 43.40	− 33.50	− 14.00	− 6.00	− 0.30	3.75
90-older	12	− 24.54 ± 2.41	− 35.00	− 35.00	− 34.38	− 21.75	− 20.00	− 11.85
Female
65–69	488	− 3.98 ± 0.47	− 26.00	− 18.00	− 10.00	0.00	3.50	6.05	8.00
70–74	377	− 6.44 ± 0.61	− 28.05	− 23.60	− 15.00	− 2.00	3.00	5.50	8.00
75–79	371	− 7.95 ± 0.66	− 30.00	− 25.80	− 18.00	− 5.00	2.50	5.00	7.00
80–84	204	− 11.07 ± 0.82	− 31.88	− 25.75	− 20.00	− 10.25	0.00	3.00	4.88
85–89	89	− 13.99 ± 1.36	− 32.00	− 30.00	− 24.00	− 15.00	− 3.75	4.00	7.00
90-older	13	− 19.08 ± 4.28	− 45.00	− 41.40	− 30.50	− 17.00	− 8.25	5.30

Calf circumference measurement (cm)
Age	n	M ± SD	P₅	P₁₀	P₂₅	P₅₀	P₇₅	P₉₀	P₉₅
Male
65–69	62	35.8 ± 0.40	30.4	31.3	33.4	35.9	37.8	39.9	41.3
70–74	62	35.4 ± 0.37	30.2	32.0	33.7	35.3	37.0	39.0	40.2
75–79	66	33.8 ± 0.34	29.0	30.0	32.1	33.6	35.6	37.4	39.3
80–84	51	33.3 ± 0.38	28.3	29.6	31.3	33.5	35.2	36.5	37.7
85–89	20	34.0 ± 0.57	28.0	31.3	32.5	34.0	36.4	37.5	38.6
90-older	8	31.7 ± 0.95	26.5	26.5	29.9	32.6	33.8
Female
65–69	228	34.7 ± 0.19	30.2	31.0	32.5	34.5	36.1	38.6	41.0
70–74	177	34.3 ± 0.24	29.5	30.1	32.1	34.1	36.3	38.3	39.5
75–79	187	33.6 ± 0.23	28.7	29.4	31.5	33.2	35.5	38.0	39.3
80–84	111	35.9 ± 3.02	28.0	29.0	30.1	32.5	35.3	37.4	39.1
85–89	42	31.4 ± 0.54	26.5	27.7	29.1	30.7	33.5	36.4	39.1
90-older	6	29.8 ± 1.17	26.1	26.1	27.4	29.5	32.8

Bone mass density measurement (T-score)
Age	n	M ± SD	P₅	P₁₀	P₂₅	P₅₀	P₇₅	P₉₀	P₉₅
Male
65–69	62	− 0.80 ± 0.15	− 2.78	− 2.51	− 1.60	− 0.75	0.23	0.64	0.91
70–74	62	− 0.96 ± 0.14	− 2.84	− 2.49	− 1.78	− 0.80	− 0.28	0.50	0.69
75–79	66	− 1.17 ± 0.16	− 3.51	− 2.94	− 1.99	− 1.30	− 0.17	0.76	1.30
80–84	51	− 1.27 ± 0.17	− 3.06	− 2.68	− 2.20	− 1.50	− 0.41	0.72	1.00
85–89	20	− 1.24 ± 0.24	− 2.84	− 2.55	− 1.92	− 1.44	− 0.61	0.42	1.47
90-older	8	− 1.59 ± 0.63	− 4.23	− 4.23	− 2.64	− 2.29	0.43
Female
65–69	228	− 0.72 ± 0.08	− 2.60	− 2.20	− 1.53	− 0.78	0.00	1.00	1.56
70–74	177	− 0.94 ± 0.09	− 2.83	− 2.42	− 1.82	− 1.10	− 0.20	0.82	1.31
75–79	187	− 1.36 ± 0.08	− 3.18	− 2.98	− 2.19	− 1.35	− 0.50	0.10	0.49
80–84	111	− 1.38 ± 0.10	− 3.12	− 2.84	− 2.10	− 1.40	− 0.73	0.28	0.80
85–89	42	− 1.66 ± 0.15	− 3.40	− 2.67	− 2.28	− 1.70	− 1.07	− 0.43	0.04
90-older	6	− 1.85 ± 0.35	− 2.87	− 2.87	− 2.70	− 1.90	− 1.00

Body mass index measurement (kg/m²)
Age	n	M ± SD	P₅	P₁₀	P₂₅	P₅₀	P₇₅	P₉₀	P₉₅
Male
65–69	97	25.61 ± 3.64	19.93	20.488	23.33	25.15	27.15	31.05	32.71
70–74	133	24.86 ± 3.19	19.84	20.70	22.63	25.02	27.10	29.65	30.55
75–79	150	24.98 ± 3.56	19.01	20.34	22.36	24.59	26.82	28.98	30.77
80–84	111	24.24 ± 2.99	18.54	20.63	22.38	24.40	25.96	27.88	29.37
85–89	37	24.53 ± 2.91	20.06	21.46	23.35	24.87	26.56	27.95	29.17
90-older	18	24.36 ± 3.01	19.39	19.70	20.85	24.23	26.02	29.91
Female
65–69	458	25.89 ± 4.07	19.87	21.13	23.11	25.35	28.23	31.43	33.46
70–74	374	25.73 ± 3.68	20.40	21.37	23.19	25.28	28.03	30.18	32.58
75–79	391	25.28 ± 3.74	19.52	20.48	22.66	25.19	27.61	30.22	31.84
80–84	229	25.17 ± 3.76	19.43	20.34	22.25	24.82	27.45	29.99	32.11
85–89	110	24.69 ± 4.52	18.52	19.87	21.78	23.79	26.84	30.47	32.85
90-older	16	23.32 ± 3.27	17.04	17.92	19.68	22.93	25.42	27.16

*A negative score indicates that the fingertip does not pass the 0 mark.
**A negative score indicates that the fingertips do not overlap.

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