Figure 2

Periodontitis and subgingival microbiome according to rheumatoid factor (RF) status. (A) Comparison of PPD between patients with negative or low RF and patients with high RF (ns: not significant, Wilcoxon rank-sum test). (B) Beta diversity of the subgingival microbiome between different RF statuses is represented by PCoA plot using UniFrac distance matrix (p = 0.022, PERMANOVA). The data were from the same 10 patients who underwent subgingival microbiome analysis. (C) Comparison of subgingival microbial composition at the phylum level between patients with negative or low RF and patients with high RF (*p <0.05, **p <0.01, Wilcoxon rank-sum test). (D) LEfSe analysis identifies differentially abundant taxa between patients with negative or low RF (red bars) and patients with high RF (green bars).