Figure 1

Generation of cisplatin-resistant testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) cells and identification of upregulated genes in cisplatin-resistant TGCT cells versus parental cells. (a) Inhibitory effects of cisplatin to the viability of parental and cisplatin-resistant TGCT patient-derived cells (TGCT-PDC). Cells were treated with cisplatin at indicated concentrations for 96 h and subjected to the quantitation of intracellular ATP content. CDDP, cisplatin. TGCT-PDC-R, cisplatin-resistant TGCT-PDC. Results are shown as mean fold change ± SE of relative luciferase activity (n = 3). (b) Inhibitory effects of cisplatin to the viability of parental and cisplatin-resistant NEC8 cells. Cells were treated with cisplatin at indicated concentrations for 72 h and subjected to WST-8 cell proliferation assay. Results are shown as mean fold change ± SE of relative absorbance at 450 nm wavelength (n = 5). NEC-R, cisplatin-resistant NEC8 cells. (c) Microarray analysis identified 334 overlapping genes commonly upregulated by ≥ 1.5 fold with a fluorescence signal ≥ 5 in cisplatin-resistant cells compared to the corresponding parental cells. (d) Top 5 signaling pathways enriched among the 334 commonly upregulated genes in cisplatin-resistant TGCT-PDC and NEC8 cells based on Gene Ontology Term. (e,f) Overexpression of HMGN5 (e) and TEX11 (f) in cisplatin-resistant TGCT cells. P, parental cells. R, cisplatin-resistant cells. Results are shown as mean ± SE (n = 3). **, P < 0.01.