Table 2 Fallen log classification table.

From: Addition Pinus massoniana fallen wood improved the growth of Plagiomnium acutum in a substrate cultivation

Decision criteria

The decomposing level

II

III

IV

Needle

Absent

Absent

Absent

Bark

Partial shedding

Partly present only on large branches

Absent

Branches and twig

Branches present

Large branches present

Only large branches stub present

The trunk shape

Round

Round

Round to oval

The indirect method

Cambium decayed, knife blade penetrates 3 mm to 1 cm

Knife blade penetrates less than 2 cm

Severely decay, knife penetrates 2–5 cm

Structural integrity

Sapwood rotten heartwood intact

Sapwood missing heartwood intact

The heartwood has rotted

Wooden

Solid

Semi solid

Part of the tender

Wooden color

Primary colors

Primary color to fade

Primary color to fade