Table 4 Logistic regression analysis for anemia among subjects inhabiting at the border region of Thailand, Lao PDR and Cambodia.

Variable	n	Non-anemia	Anemia	Odds ratio	95% CI	P-value
Non-ID, Non-thalassemia (reference)	108	102	6
ID	12	6	6	17.0	3.3–84.9	< 0.001
Thalassemia type
One α-gene defect^a	65	50	15	5.1	1.7–16.9	< 0.001
Two α-gene defects^b	21	7	14	34.0	8.6–139.3	< 0.001
Heterozygous Hb E either with or without α-gene defect	100	78	22	4.8	1.8–15.1	< 0.001
Homozygous Hb E either with or without α-gene defect	20	11	9	13.9	3.5–55.7	< 0.001
Combined ID and thalassemia^c	27	8	19	40.4	11.1–154.5	< 0.001

^a Including heterozygous α⁺-thalassemia (− α^3.7), heterozygous α⁺-thalassemia (− α^4.2), heterozygous Hb CS, heterozygous Hb PS.
^b Including homozygous α⁺-thalassemia (− α^3.7), compound heterozygous α⁺-thalassemia (− α^3.7)/Hb CS, compound heterozygous α⁺-thalassemia (− α^3.7)/Hb PS, heterozygous α⁰-thalassemia (–^SEA).
^c Including heterozygous α⁺-thalassemia (− α^3.7), heterozygous α⁺-thalassemia (− α^4.2), heterozygous Hb CS, compound heterozygous α⁺-thalassemia (− α^3.7)/Hb CS, heterozygous α⁰-thalassemia (–^SEA), heterozygous Hb E either with or without α-gene defect, homozygous Hb E either with or without α-gene defect.

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