Table 1 Baseline demographic, clinical, and biochemical characteristics of the COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU1.
Vitamin D3 (n = 52) | Placebo (n = 54) | P value2 | |
|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 64.5 (57–71) | 63.5 (54–81) | 0.92 |
Age > 70 y. o | 14 (27) | 21 (39) | 0.19 |
Sex, n (%) male | 22 (42) | 31 (57) | 0.12 |
SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positive, n (%) | 46 (88) | 45 (83) | 0.86 |
Ground-glass opacity on computed tomography scan (> 50% area), n (%) | 38 (73) | 42 (78) | 0.57 |
SOFA, score | 3 (1–4) | 3 (1–3) | 0.87 |
APACHE II, score | 12 (7–20) | 12 (8–19) | 0.94 |
Coexisting disease | |||
Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 23 (44) | 17 (32) | 0.18 |
Arterial Hypertension, n (%) | 34 (65) | 34 (63) | 0.79 |
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 16 (38) | 14 (26) | 0.58 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, n (%) | 3 (7) | 3 (5.5) | 0.75 |
Liver disease, n (%) | 1 (2) | 1 (2) | 1.00 |
Chronic renal disease | 1 (2) | 2 (3.7) | 1.00 |
Cerebrovascular disease, n (%) | 9 (17) | 9 (17) | 0.61 |
Cancer, n (%) | 3 (5.8) | 4 (7.4) | 1.00 |
Concomitant medication and respiratory support at admission | |||
Anti-IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibodies, n (%) | 12 (23) | 8 (15) | 0.28 |
Glucocorticosteroids, n (%) | 30 (58) | 26 (48) | 0.33 |
Antibiotics, n (%) | 48 (92) | 49 (90) | 0.77 |
Anticoagulant, n (%) | 50 (96) | 53 (98) | 0.54 |
High-flow oxygen therapy, n (%) | 43 (83) | 46 (85) | 0.73 |
Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 21 (40) | 16 (30) | 0.25 |
Biochemical parameters | |||
25(OH)D, ng/mL (N 30–80 ng/mL) | 9.6 (5.6–21) | 11 (8.6–15) | 0.57 |
White blood cell count, 109/L (N 4.5–9 109/L) | 9 (7–12) | 8 (6.5–9.5) | 0.09 |
Lymphocytes, 109/L (N 1.5–4.5 109/L) | 0.7 (0.54–0.98) | 0.9 (0.60–1.1) | 0.11 |
NK cells (CD3−CD56+CD16+), % (N 9.9–22) | 1.3 (0.8–2) | 1.3 (0.89–2.6) | 0.25 |
NKT cells (CD3+CD56+CD16+), % (N < 10) | 0.5 (0.3–1.3) | 0.9 (0.2–2.3) | 0.63 |
NLR (N 0.78–3.53) | 10.4 (6.9–15.9) | 8.5 (5.1–13.7) | 0.07 |
Neutrophils, 109/L (N 2–7.5 109/L) | 8.4 (5.5–11.3) | 6.8 (5.2–8.6) | 0.08 |
Platelets, 109/L (N 150–380 109/L) | 215 (168–298) | 207 (168.3–292) | 0.61 |
Creatinine, μM/L (N 53–97 μM/L) | 72 (60–108) | 80 (64–100) | 0.46 |
Total bilirubin, μM/L (N 3.4–17.1 μM/L) | 11 (8–18) | 11 (9–15) | 0.88 |
Total calcium level, mM/L (1.9–2.6 mM/L) | 2.1 (1.8–2.1) | 2.1 (1.9–2.2) | 0.89 |
Ionized calcium level, mM/L (N 1.05–1.37 mM/L ) | 1.2 (1.10–1.35) | 1.2 (1.06–1.25) | 0.91 |
Interleukin-6, pg/mL (N < 7 pg/mL) | 190 (97–620) | 77 (31–316) | 0.25 |
D-dimer, μg/mL (N < 0.5 μg/mL) | 0.9 (0.5–1.8) | 0.8 (0.4–2) | 0.79 |
Fibrinogen, g/L (N 2–4 g/L) | 4 (3.2–4.9) | 4 (3.4–6) | 0.15 |
Procalcitonin, ng/mL (N < 0.05 ng/mL) | 0.54 (0.24–2) | 0.3 (0.13–0.8) | 0.04 |
C-reactive protein, mg/L (N < 5 mg/L) | 194 (92–278) | 125 (85–194) | 0.04 |
