Table 2 Dynamics of lymphocyte counts and inflammatory markers in the vitamin D3 and placebo groups before the treatment and on day 7 after the treatment1.

From: Effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on cellular immunity and inflammatory markers in COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU

Variable

Vitamin D3 (n = 52 «before»; n = 38 «after»)

P value2

Placebo (n = 54 «before»; n = 18 «after»)

P value2

P value3

Before

After

 

Before

After

  

Lymphocytes, 109/L

0.7 (0.54–0.98)

0.78 (0.42–1.22)

0.01

0.9 (0.6–1.1)

1.2 (0.81–1.53)

0.73

0.05

NK cells CD3−CD56+CD16+, %

1.26 (0.8–2)

9.76 (0.9–20)

0.001

1.3 (0.9–2.6)

0.92 (0.57–11)

0.39

0.03

NKT cells CD3+CD56+CD16+, %

0.5 (0.3–1.3)

2.6 (0.76–12)

0.001

0.9 (0.17–2.3)

0.45 (0.07–0.8)

0.15

0.001

NLR

10.4 (7–16)

12.5 (7–28)

0.33

8.5 (5–14)

8.3 (5–12)

0.35

0.01

Interleukin-6, pg/mL

190 (97–620)

312 (114–2156)

0.38

77 (30–316)

275 (49–4666)

1.00

0.9

C-reactive protein, mg/L

194 (92–278)

85 (13–200)

0.002

125 (85–194)

138 (62–247)

0.76

0.07

Procalcitonin, ng/mL

0.54 (0.24–2)

1.1 (0.32–1.9)

0.02

0.3 (0.13–0.8)

1.4 (0.4–12)

0.009

0.32

  1. 1Numerical data are expressed as median (IQR); categorical data are shown as the number of cases (percentage).
  2. 2P values were calculated by Wilcoxon test, χ2 test, or Fisher’s exact test, as appropriate.
  3. 3P values were calculated by Mann–Whitney test between vitamin D3 and placebo groups on day 7.
  4. NLR neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio.
  5. Significant values are in bold.
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