Table 1 Thermal properties of base fluid (EO), and nano-meter sized particles (Cu) and (Al₂O₃) are given in refs.^{11, 61}.

Material

\(\rho (Kgm^{ - 3} )\)

\(c_{p} (JKg^{ - 1} K^{ - 1} )\)

\(k(wm^{ - 1} K^{ - 1} )\)

\(\beta \times 10^{ - 5} (K^{ - 1} )\)

\(\sigma\) \(\left( {\Omega .m} \right)^{ - 1}\)