Figure 2

Epidermal regeneration of ex vivo tissue with and without microneedling procedure. Keratinocytes from control (a) and MN (b) groups express the proliferation marker Ki67 on Day 6 (pink, N = 8, 2 fields of view from 2 biological samples per treatment, 2 donors). The nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). White dashed lines indicate the dermal-epidermal boundary. (c) Basal cell proliferation level was quantified based on the Ki67 positive cells in multiple regions of the epidermis. (d,e) Immunostaining for differentiation marker Filaggrin in control and MN treatment groups. (f) Normalized Filaggrin intensity of control and MN groups (N = 30, 2 fields of view per sample, 3 biological samples per donor, 5 donors). (g,h) Immunostaining for differentiation marker TGM-1 in control and MN treatment groups. (i) Normalized TGM-1 intensity of control and MN groups (N = 8, 2 fields of view from 2 biological samples per treatment, 2 donors). Student t-test, *P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01, ***P ≤ 0.001, ****P ≤ 0.0001. Scale bar 100 µm.