Table 1 Model parameter estimates for effect of drone distance category (controlling for reproductive investment; DOI – date of incubation) on heart rates of nesting Common eiders (Somateria mollissima).

From: A colonial-nesting seabird shows no heart-rate response to drone-based population surveys

Model parameter

Estimate ± SE

Fixed effects

Intercept

4.658 ± 0.13

0–150 m

− 0.056 ± 0.07

151–300 m

0.014 ± 0.06

 > 300 m

− 0.001 ± 0.06

DOI

− 0.002 ± 0.01

Covariance estimates

Eider ID

0.027 ± 0.02

Sample number¥

0.0003 ± 0.005

Residual

0.047 ± 0.008

  1. Estimates obtained from 93 observations across 11 individual eiders. Distance categories are compared to reference category that is the control period before drone flights occurred.
  2. ¥Sample number nested within Eider ID.
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