Figure 5
From: iPSC-neural crest derived cells embedded in 3D printable bio-ink promote cranial bone defect repair
Cranial defect filling with Ink-Bone seeded with iNCC-MPC-BMP6 results in increased bone volume in the frontal bone. (A) Surgical approach to create calvarial defects in the frontal and parietal bone. Shown is the fixated cranium with circular defects in the frontal and parietal bone. (B) Filling of the defects with Ink-Bone. (C) Crosslinking of Ink-Bone using CaCl2 solution. (D) The sutured skin. (E) 3D reconstruction of the cranial defects treated with Ink-Bone with and without cells or untreated at weeks 0 and 4. (F) Violin plots showing the change in bone volume in the different experimental groups and implantation sites between weeks 0 and 4, and 0 and 8. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001, n ≥ 5.
