Table 1 Common and scientific names, as well as number of occurrences (N = 1254) of large mammal species observed in Manyara Ranch, Tanzania, listed in descending order of body mass.

From: Refining the stress gradient hypothesis for mixed species groups of African mammals

Common name

Scientific name

Number of sightings

Jacobs’ index score

Proportion monocots in diet

Elephant

Loxodonta africana

14

 − 0.87

0.23

Giraffe

Giraffa camelopardalis tippelskirchi

128

0.24

0.05

Buffalo

Syncerus caffer

1

0.32

0.78

Eland

Taurotragus oryx

34

0.18

0.50

Zebra

Equus quagga

498

0.16

0.92

Wildebeest

Connochaetes taurinus

118

0.27

0.81

Waterbuck

Kobus ellipsiprymnus

20

0.18

0.84

Warthog

Phacochoerus africanus

15

0.11

0.91

Lesser kudu

Tragelaphus imberbis

16

 − 0.2

0.34

Grant’s gazelle

Nanger granti

96

 − 0.56

0.65

Impala

Aepyceros melampus

137

 − 0.73

0.40

Gerenuk

Litocranius walleri

2

 − 0.73

0.00

Thomson’s gazelle

Eudorcas thomsonii

85

 − 0.62

0.75

Olive baboon

Papio anubis

2

 − 0.89

0.20

Steenbok

Raphicerus campestris

6

 − 0.86

0.34

Black-backed jackal

Canis mesomelas

9

 − 1.00

0.06

Kirk’s dik–dik

Madoqua kirkii

57

 − 0.88

0.17

Vervet monkey

Chlorocebus pygerythrus

16

 − 1.00

0.07

  1. For each species, we also include the Jacobs’ index which quantifies the prey preference (positive values) or avoidance (negative values) by lions68, and the percentage of monocot consumption28,69,70,71,72,73. For the six most abundant species (highlighted in bold), we conducted species-specific analyses.
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