Figure 3

Variations in amplitudes and phases of the first four Fourier harmonics for each axis, while walking at 1.4 m/s as compared with 1.1 m/s. Top panel: Individual speed-dependent variations in harmonics amplitudes. Bottom panel: Individual speed-dependent variations in harmonic phases. Probability density functions for circular variables are shown as continuous curves. In Fourier analysis, the phase of the first mediolateral (y) harmonic was conventionally set to zero for all trajectories in order to align them. *p < 0.05; paired linear or circular test for differences with Benjamini–Hochberg correction for multiple comparisons.