Table 2 Weighted descriptive characteristics of the overall population (N [%] or mean [STD]) and SDQ hyperactivity-inattention score in the EPIPAGE 2 study (n = 2646).
Variable | Study population n = 2646 | Hyperactivity-inattention score < 7 n = 2084 | Hyperactivity-inattention score ≥ 7 n = 562 | p-valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sociodemographics | ||||
Maternal age (at birth) (n = 2646) | 30.6 [0.1] | 30.9 [0.2] | 29.3 [0.3] | < 0.001 |
Maternal Country of birth (n = 2640) | 0.24 | |||
France | 2169 (84.7) | 1687 (84.1) | 481 (87.2) | |
EU | 314 (9.9) | 267 (10.6) | 47 (7.4) | |
Other | 157 (5.3) | 123 (5.3) | 33 (5.4) | |
Maternal education (birth) (n = 2569) | 0.02 | |||
High | 1351 (54.0) | 1107 (55.9) | 244 (46.6) | |
Medium | 528 (20.4) | 410 (19.9) | 118 (22.6) | |
Low | 690 (25.6) | 509 (24.3) | 180 (30.8) | |
Household SES (n = 2541) | < 0.001 | |||
Mangerial | 661 (27.3) | 562 (29.7) | 99 (17.5) | |
Intermediate | 632 (25.8) | 504 (26.2) | 128 (24.1) | |
Administrator, company director, civil servant, student | 647 (25.2) | 501 (24.0) | 146 (30.0) | |
Domestic or sales employee | 309 (11.3) | 211 (9.9) | 96 (16.8) | |
Labourer | 249 (8.7) | 190 (8.5) | 59 (9.7) | |
Without profession | 43 (1.7) | 32 (1.7) | 11 (1.9) | |
Parity (n = 2622) | 0.03 | |||
0 | 1502 (56.8) | 1162 (55.2) | 340 (63.3) | |
1 | 632 (25.4) | 505 (26.1) | 127 (22.7) | |
≥ 2 | 488 (17.8) | 398 (18.7) | 88 (14.0) | |
Parental health/lifestyle | ||||
Maternal BMI category (n = 2465) | 0.10 | |||
Underweight (< 18.5 kg/m2) | 180 (6.7) | 136 (6.2) | 44 (8.8) | |
Normal (18.5-25 kg/m2) | 1430 (58.8) | 1149 (60.2) | 281 (53.2) | |
Overweight (25-30 kg/m2) | 488 (20.1) | 390 (19.9) | 98 (20.9) | |
Obese (≥ 30 kg/m2) | 367 (14.3) | 264 (13.6) | 103 (17.1) | |
Paternal BMI category (n = 975) | N/A* | |||
Underweight (< 18.5 kg/m2) | 5 (0.4) | 5 (0.6) | 0 | |
Normal (18.5-25 kg/m2) | 545 (56.7) | 434 (58.1) | 111 (51.2) | |
Overweight (25-30 kg/m2) | 323 (30.7) | 250 (29.4) | 73 (29.4) | |
Obese (≥ 30 kg/m2) | 102 (12.1) | 79 (11.9) | 23 (13.0) | |
Any diabetes in pregnancy (n = 2452) | 0.69 | |||
No | 2201 (88.2) | 1728 (88.0) | 471 (88.9) | |
Yes | 251 (11.8) | 196 (12.0) | 55 (11.1) | |
Gestational diabetes (n = 2469) | 0.82 | |||
No | 2256 (90.2) | 1771 (90.1) | 483 (90.6) | |
Yes | 213 (9.8) | 166 (9.9) | 47 (9.4) | |
Hypertension during pregnancy (n = 2491) | 0.57 | |||
No | 2079 (85.3) | 1641 (85.6) | 437 (84.3) | |
Yes | 412 (14.7) | 318 (14.4) | 93 (15.7) | |
Maternal smoking in pregnancy (n = 2556) | < 0.01 | |||
No | 2080 (83.2) | 1682 (84.6) | 397 (77.3) | |
Yes | 476 (16.8) | 334 (15.4) | 142 (22.7) | |
Anxiety score in pregnancy (STAI-T) (n = 1781) | 0.05 | |||
Weak | 1409 (81.7) | 1128 (83.1) | 281 (76.3) | |
Moderate | 222 (11.0) | 167 (10.4) | 55 (13.3) | |
High | 150 (7.3) | 108 (6.5) | 42 (10.4) | |
Pregnancy/delivery | ||||
Gestational age (n = 2646) | < 0.001 | |||
< 27 weeks | 329 (4.6) | 237 (4.1) | 92 (6.5) | 0.02 |
27–31 weeks | 1659 (31.2) | 1312 (30.7) | 347 (32.9) | |
≥ 32 weeks | 658 (64.3) | 535 (65.2) | 123 (60.6) | |
Birth weight (g) (n = 2646) | 1713 [12] | 1725 [14] | 1663 [30] | 0.01 |
Cause of prematurity (n = 2415) | 0.84 | |||
Preterm labour | 1086 (48.4) | 865 (48.6) | 221 (47.5) | |
Preterm PROM | 592 (23.5) | 467 (23.8) | 125 (22.2) | |
Vascular pathology or isolated placental abruption | 581 (21.9) | 451 (21.5) | 130 (23.3) | |
Isolated IUGR | 156 (6.3) | 114 (6.1) | 42 (6.9) | |
Child characteristics | ||||
Duration of breastfeeding (n = 2383) | 0.02 | |||
None | 837 (34.1) | 637 (32.8) | 200 (39.6) | |
< 6 months | 1465 (62.7) | 1170 (63.6) | 295 (59.2) | |
≥ 6 months | 81 (3.1) | 72 (3.5) | 8 (1.2) | |
Sex of child (n = 2646) | < 0.001 | |||
Male | 1420 (55.5) | 1050 (52.2) | 370 (68.8) | |
Female | 1226 (44.5) | 1034 (47.8) | 192 (31.2) | |
Childcare at 2Y (n = 2490) | 0.52 | |||
Parents | 1022 (38.9) | 795 (38.5) | 226 (40.6) | |
Relatives/employee at home | 173 (6.9) | 128 (6.5) | 45 (8.8) | |
Professional/Childcare Centre | 423 (18.0) | 332 (18.1) | 91 (17.5) | |
Maternal assistant | 626 (27.9) | 511 (28.3) | 115 (26.4) | |
Other | 246 (8.2) | 198 (8.6) | 47 (6.7) | |
Night waking (2Y) (n = 2457) | 0.02 | |||
Never | 829 (35.4) | 687 (36.7) | 141 (30.0) | |
Once/night or less | 945 (39.3) | 761 (39.7) | 183 (37.6) | |
Twice/night | 563 (20.7) | 408 (19.4) | 155 (26.1) | |
≥ Three times/night | 120 (4.6) | 82 (4.2) | 38 (6.3) | |
HOME score (n = 2460) | 23 [0.1] | 23.1 [0.1] | 22.6 [0.2] | < 0.01 |
Child's age at 5Y follow-up (months) (n = 2646) | 67.3 [0.1] | 67.3 [0.07] | 67.5 [0.14] | 0.21 |
