Table 2 Mesh independence Ra = 106 , Da = 10–4 , ϕ = 0.01, ε = 0.6, and pr = 7.2.

From: Natural convection in a porous cavity filled (35%MWCNT-65% Fe3O4)/water hybrid nanofluid with a solid wavy wall via Galerkin finite-element process

Grid size

Nuavg

at N = 1

Grid size

Nuavg

at N = 3

Grid size

Nuavg

at N = 5

Grid size

Nuavg

at N = 7

1097

9.3464

3147

5.4718

7356

2.7935

11,811

1.4183

1630

9.3208

4001

5.5134

9277

2.8226

16,004

1.4401

2579

9.3539

5802

5.5213

13,333

2.8293

22,550

1.447

7196

9.3741

9353

5.5599

18,426

2.8503

30,236

1.4616

19,115

9.3766

21,211

5.5978

34,659

2.8643

55,163

1.4687

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