Table 3 Comparison of the average Nusselt number with Kadhim et al.58 for Al2O3/water nanofluid and Cu-Al2O3/water hybrid nanofluid at Da = 10–3, N = 1.

From: Natural convection in a porous cavity filled (35%MWCNT-65% Fe3O4)/water hybrid nanofluid with a solid wavy wall via Galerkin finite-element process

φ

Ra

Average Nusselt number (Nuavg)

Al2 O3 /water

Cu-Al2 O3 /water

Kadhim et al.58

Present study

Kadhim et al.58

Present study

0.1

105

3.343

3.5172

3.430

3.5974

106

9.083

9.3520

9.302

9.5402

107

20.026

20.990

20.400

21.332

0.2

105

3.531

3.9089

3.714

4.0942

106

9.982

10.030

10.489

10.505

107

23.262

24.048

24.300

24.963