Table 4 Application parameters from the ground and aerial application equipment used in the field spray drift experiment.

From: Herbicide spray drift from ground and aerial applications: Implications for potential pollinator foraging sources

 

Ground

Aerial

Equipmenta

Case IH 5550 AimPoint

Air Tractor 802A

Boom/swath width (m)

30.6

21.9

Boom/flight height (m)

0.9

4.6

Pressure (kPa)

276

345

Nozzlesb

ER11010

CP09 Straight Stream, alternating orifice size pattern (0.78–0.78–0.125, repeating)

Speed (kph)

32

233

Spray volume (L ha−1)

94c

70

  1. aSprayer manufacturer information: Case IH 5550 AimPoint, CNH Industrial America, LLC. Burr Ridge, IL 60,527 USA; Air Tractor 802A, Air Tractor Inc., Olney, TX 76,374 USA.
  2. bNozzle manufacturer information: ER11010, Wilger Inc., Lexington, TN 38,351 USA; CP09 Straight Stream, Transland, LLC. Wichita Falls, TX 76,302 USA.
  3. cThe ground spray equipment was a pulse-width modulation sprayer. To achieve 94 L ha−1 from the ground spray equipment at 276 kPa, the equipment was pulsed at ~ 70% duty cycle.
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