Table 3 Interpretation results of WARS1, TYMP and GBP1 antibodies by immunohistochemistry for predicting active ABMR by pathologists and deep learning.

From: WARS1, TYMP and GBP1 display a distinctive microcirculation pattern by immunohistochemistry during antibody-mediated rejection in kidney transplantation

Diagnosis

WARS1 positivity for active ABMR

TYMP positivity for active ABMR

GBP1 positivity for active ABMR

Number of total cases (n = 53)

Number of cases considered positive, n (%)

Number of total cases (n = 52)

Number of cases considered positive, n (%)

Number of total cases (n = 52)

Number of cases considered positive, n (%)

Pathologists

Deep learning

Pathologists

Deep learning

Pathologists

Deep learning

Active ABMR

16

12 (75)

13 (81)

16

14 (88)

13 (81)

15

7 (47)

14 (93)

Other diagnosis

37

5 (14)

2 (5)

36

3 (8)

4 (11)

37

3 (8)

5 (14)

Including

Active ABMR, C4d positive

5

5 (100)

5 (100)

4

3 (75)

3 (75)

4

1 (25)

4 (100)

Active ABMR, C4d negative

11

7 (64)

8 (73)

12

11 (92)

10 (83)

11

6 (55)

10 (91)

Non-active cABMR

5

2 (40)

1 (20)

5

2 (40)

1 (20)

5

1 (20)

1 (20)

Isolated C4d

3

1 (33)

0 (0)

3

1 (33)

1 (33)

3

1 (33)

0 (0)

SG ABO incompatible

3

0 (0)

0 (0)

3

0 (0)

0 (0)

3

0 (0)

0 (0)

Non-humoral TMA

5

0 (0)

0 (0)

5

0 (0)

0 (0)

5

0 (0)

0 (0)

Acute TCMR

6

1 (17)

1 (17)

6

0 (0)

1 (17)

6

0 (0)

3 (50)

Infection (PVN, APN)

5

1 (20)

0 (0)

4

0 (0)

1 (25)

5

1 (20)

1 (20)

ATI

5

0 (0)

0 (0)

5

0 (0)

0 (0)

5

0 (0)

0 (0)

Recurrent GN

5

0 (0)

0 (0)

5

0 (0)

0 (0)

5

0 (0)

0 (0)

  1. To easily compare pathologists and deep learning interpretations of the immunomarkers, a majority rule was applied on pathological interpretations, where each case was classified according to the report of most pathologists. In case of ties, the interpretation of the pathologist B.C. was retained. As for deep learning analysis, the three folds of one iteration of the cross-validation was used to classify samples. Please note that this iteration performance is logically slightly different than the average performance displayed in Table 3. Variations in total number of cases are due to insufficient remaining material for interpretation.
  2. ABMR Antibody-mediated rejection, WARS1 Tryptophan–tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic, TYMP Thymidine phosphorylase, GBP1 Guanylate-binding protein 1, cABMR Chronic antibody-mediated rejection, SG Stable graft, TMA Thrombotic microangiopathy, TCMR T cell-mediated rejection, PVN Polyomavirus nephropathy, APN Acute pyelonephritis, ATI Acute tubular injuries, GN Glomerulonephritis.
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