Table 2 Characteristics of women, pregnancy and maternity units among women with severe PPH, and proportion of inadequate care.

From: Evaluating the quality of care for postpartum hemorrhage with a new quantitative tool: a population-based study

Characteristics of women

n (column %a)

Proportion with inadequate careb

n (row %c)

p||

All women

1104 (100.0)

275 (24.9)

 

Age (year)

< 25

164 (14.9)

37 (22.6)

 

25–35

703 (63.7)

175 (24.9)

 

> 35

237 (21.4)

63 (26.6)

 

Country of birth

France

714 (70.9)

184 (25.8)

*

Other European countries

34 (3.4)

8 (23.5)

 

North Africa

97 (9.6)

19 (19.6)

 

Sub-Saharan Africa

94 (9.3)

12 (12.8)

 

Other

68 (6.8)

18 (26.5)

 

BMI before pregnancy

< 18.5

77 (7.2)

19 (24.7)

 

[18.5–25]

640 (60.3)

155 (24.2)

 

[25–30]

209 (19.7)

54 (25.8)

 

≥ 40

136 (12.8)

33 (24.3)

 

Parity

Primiparous

549 (50.1)

143 (26.0)

*

Multiparous without previous cesarean

395 (36.0)

83 (21.0)

 

Multiparous with previous cesarean

152 (13.9)

45 (29.6)

 

Previous PPH

Yes

70 (6.3)

13 (18.6)

 

No

1034 (93.7)

262 (25.3)

 

Multiple pregnancy

Yes

114 (10.3)

23 (20.2)

 

No

990 (89.7)

252 (25.5)

 

Pre-eclampsia

Yes

50 (4.5)

10 (20.0)

 

No

1054 (95.5)

265 (25.1)

 

Pre-partum hemoglobin ≤ 9 g/dL

Yes

18 (1.7)

6 (33.3)

 

No

1037 (98.3)

252 (24.3)

 

Gestational age at delivery (weeks)

< 37

135 (12.3)

28 (20.7)

 

≥ 37

967 (87.7)

246 (25.4)

 

Mode of delivery

Spontaneous vaginal

502 (45.5)

119 (23.7)

 

Operative vaginal

208 (18.8)

58 (27.9)

 

Antepartum cesarean

201 (18.2)

41 (20.4)

 

Intrapartum cesarean

193 (17.5)

57 (29.5)

 

Birth weight ≥ 4000 g

Yes

153 (13.9)

35 (22.9)

 

No

948 (86.1)

238 (25.1)

 

Woman at risk of PPHd

Yes

351 (31.9)

76 (21.7)

*

No

750 (68.1)

197 (26.3)

 

Characteristics of delivery hospitals

Status

Public university

446 (40.4)

103 (23,1)

 

Public non-university

496 (44.9)

122 (24.6)

 

Private

162 (14.7)

50 (30.9)

 

Level of care

3

386 (35.0)

84 (21.8)

**

2

487 (44.1)

117 (24.0)

 

1

231 (20.9)

74 (32.0)

 

Annual number of deliveries

≥ 3500

200 (18.1)

43 (21.5)

 

[2000–3500]

470 (42.6)

108 (23.0)

 

[1000–2000]

288 (26.1)

79 (27.4)

 

≤ 1000

146 (13.2)

45 (30.8)

 

24/24 onsite presence of an obstetrician-gynecologist

Yes

847 (78.1)

205 (24.2)

 

No

237 (21.9)

68 (28.7)

 

24/24 onsite presence of an anesthesiologist

Yes

989 (91.2)

242 (24.5)

*

No

95 (8.8)

31 (32.6)

 
  1. BMI body mass index.
  2. ||p-value for the test of the difference in the % of inadequate care: * ≤ 0.1, ** ≤ 0.05.
  3. aProportion of women with this characteristic in the study population (column %).
  4. bProportion of inadequate care for PPH among women with this characteristic (row %).
  5. cScore ≤ 25th percentile of the distribution in the study population.
  6. dAt least one risk factor among: previous PPH, multiple pregnancy, pre-eclampsia, birth weight ≥ 4000 g.
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