Table 3 Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for urothelial carcinoma outcomes by levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and a bladder cancer weighted genetic risk score.

From: Interaction between blood pressure and genetic risk score for bladder cancer, and risk of urothelial carcinoma in men

Exposure

Analysis

Total UC

Non-aggressive UC

Aggressive UC

Population, n (Cases, n)

Population, n (Cases, n)

Population, n (Cases, n)

10,576 (385)

10,576 (248)

10,576 (127)

HR (95% CI)

HR (95% CI)

HR (95% CI)

Systolic blood pressure

< 140 mmHg (reference)

1.00

1.00

1.00

140–149 mmHg

0.98 (0.74–1.30)

0.89 (0.63–1.25)

1.33 (0.81–2.20)

150–159 mmHg

1.12 (0.83–1.50)

0.90 (0.61–1.32)

1.80 (1.10–2.96)

≥ 160 mmHg

1.16 (0.89–1.51)

1.05 (0.76–1.44)

1.50 (0.94–2.41)

p-trend

0.23

0.85

0.06

Per SD

1.09 (0.99–1.21)

1.00 (0.87–1.13)

1.28 (1.08–1.52)

Diastolic blood pressure

< 90 mmHg (reference)

1.00

1.00

1.00

90–94 mmHg

1.11 (0.85–1.46)

1.06 (0.75–1.49)

1.19 (0.73–1.93)

95–99 mmHg

1.05 (0.79–1.38)

1.15 (0.82–1.60)

0.85 (0.50–1.43)

≥ 100 mmHg

0.99 (0.73–1.32)

0.76 (0.52–1.12)

1.51 (0.94–2.44)

p-trend

0.89

0.27

0.16

Per SD

1.00 (0.90–1.11)

0.93 (0.81–1.06)

1.17 (0.97–1.39)

Weighted genetic risk score

1st Quartile (reference)

1.00

1.00

1.00

2nd Quartile

1.05 (0.77–1.44)

1.16 (0.78–1.74)

0.92 (0.54–1.56)

3rd Quartile

1.26 (0.93–1.70)

1.33 (0.90–1.97)

1.24 (0.76–2.04)

4th Quartile

1.66 (1.25–2.20)

2.06 (1.44–2.95)

1.24 (0.76–2.04)

p-trend

< 0.01

< 0.01

0.26

Per SD

1.27 (1.15–1.40)

1.34 (1.18–1.52)

1.19 (1.00–1.42)

  1. SD standard deviation, UC urothelial carcinoma, HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval.
  2. Hazard ratios were calculated by Cox regression with age as the underlying time metric. Models were adjusted for categories of smoking, BMI, education, and physical activity.
  3. 10 individuals with incident UC cases had missing tumor data on muscle invasiveness.
  4. 405 (14 cases) individuals had missing genotype data (not included in analysis involving bladder cancer genetic risk score).
  5. The p-value for trend across categories was investigated by incorporating the categories of SBP, DBP and wGRS as a continuous variable in the regression model and testing its coefficient using the Wald test.
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