Figure 1
Adjusted mean HOMA-IR according to long-term PM10 exposure. Adjusted mean HOMA-IR was calculated using linear regression analysis. Exposure to PM10 was classified using quartiles of PM10 concentration as low exposure (quartile 1: mean = 40.22, SD = 3.29), intermediate exposure (quartiles 2 and 3: mean = 49.19, SD = 2.95), and high exposure (quartile 4: mean = 60.63, SD = 4.91). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.001. aModel 1 was adjusted for age, BMI, smoking status (never, former, or current smoking), alcohol consumption (never, former, or current consumption), regular physical activity (yes or no), hypertension, and dyslipidemia. bModel 2 included the variables in Model 1 plus VAT and SAT areas as covariates. cModel 3 included the variables in Model 1 plus VAT area as a covariate. HOMA-IR homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index, PM10 particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 μm3, BMI body mass index, VAT visceral adipose tissue, SAT subcutaneous adipose tissue.
