Table 3 Skin friction model that compares NF, HNFs, and tri-HNFs.

From: RETRACTED ARTICLE: Second-order convergence analysis for Hall effect and electromagnetic force on ternary nanofluid flowing via rotating disk

 

Nanofluid

Hybrid nanoparticles

Tri-hybrid nanoparticles

\(\sqrt{{R}_{e}}{Cf}_{r}\)

\(\sqrt{{R}_{e}}{Cg}_{r}\)

\(\sqrt{{R}_{e}}{Cf}_{r}\)

\(\sqrt{{R}_{e}}{Cg}_{r}\)

\(\sqrt{{R}_{e}}{Cf}_{r}\)

\(\sqrt{{R}_{e}}{Cg}_{r}\)

\(\boldsymbol{\upphi }\)

0.01

1.70874

0.96380

1.72329

0.97587

1.72857

0.97699

0.02

1.85219

0.96659

1.93863

1.04194

2.00093

1.06106

0.03

1.97949

0.97142

2.21862

1.13243

2.34354

1.17800

S

0.5

0.04781

-1.09216

1.60144

0.44374

0.34858

−1.13744

1.5

1.85219

0.96659

2.02912

1.07071

2.34354

1.17800

2.5

2.14496

1.37184

2.34495

1.50717

2.73295

1.71961

m

1

1.85219

0.96659

2.02912

1.07071

2.34354

1.17800

2

1.54681

0.63189

1.69023

0.69950

1.97309

0.77157

3

1.21246

0.23650

1.31689

0.25860

1.57192

0.29677

M

0.5

1.32548

0.24375

1.44335

0.26721

1.70692

0.30531

1

1.42653

0.38053

1.55629

0.42000

1.82815

0.46866

1.5

1.55392

0.55562

1.69808

0.61488

1.98183

0.67925

ω

0.4

0.45287

1.42276

0.49955

1.56456

0.55997

1.77762

0.8

1.35389

1.11564

1.48475

1.23212

1.70724

1.37376

1.2

2.38047

0.82053

2.60598

0.91251

3.01910

0.98633

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