Table 1 Physical and mechanical parameters of coal–rock combined.

From: Failure energy evolution of coal–rock combination with different inclinations

Specimen number

Combined tilt angle (°)

σ3 (MPa)

Eave (GPa)

σ1 (MPa)

εp

Failure mode and breaking angle (°)

0-1

0

1

0.345

7.551

0.028

Inclined shear damage, 61.579

0-2

2

0.329

12.966

0.041

Inclined shear damage, 61.558

0-3

3

0.440

14.380

0.054

Inclined shear damage, 61.614

5-1

5

1

0.365

7.181

0.026

Inclined shear damage, 59.214

5-2

2

0.391

11.787

0.037

Inclined shear damage, 59.413

5-3

3

0.444

14.345

0.052

Inclined shear damage, 59.259

10-1

10

1

0.364

7.076

0.025

Inclined shear damage, 58.114

10-2

2

0.390

10.870

0.036

Inclined shear damage, 58.471

10-3

3

0.405

13.693

0.048

Inclined shear damage, 58.104

20-1

20

1

0.377

6.535

0.024

Tensile and diagonal shear damage, 57.631

20-2

2

0.385

10.447

0.035

Tensile and diagonal shear damage, 57.236

20-3

3

0.425

12.236

0.043

Tensile and diagonal shear damage, 57.518

30-1

30

1

0.331

5.379

0.019

Tensile and diagonal shear damage, 56.820

30-2

2

0.347

9.215

0.029

Tensile and diagonal shear damage, 56.744

30-3

3

0.476

10.057

0.033

Tensile and diagonal shear damage, 56.438

Rock-1

Homogeneous rock mass

1

0.322

8.084

0.029

Shear damage, 64.662

Rock-2

2

0.354

13.097

0.045

Shear damage, 64.346

Rock-3

3

0.416

17.085

0.055

Shear damage, 64.501

Coal body 1

Homogeneous coal body

1

0.336

4.764

0.016

Tensile and shear damage, 47.576

Coal body 2

2

0.353

7.097

0.022

Tensile and shear damage, 47.372

Coal body 3

3

0.478

8.392

0.028

Tensile and shear damage, 47.519