Figure 5
From: Site-specific temporal variation of population dynamics in subalpine endemic plant species
Variation of stochastic population growth rate (σ2logλs) obtained by permuting each vital rate. Mean value and 95% confidence intervals with 1000 permutations are provided. The horizontal dashed line indicates observed σ2logλs. Mean σ2logλs higher than the observed value indicates that the corresponding vital rate effectively reduces σ2logλs through demographic compensation. s survival, g growth, r retrogression, t stasis, f seedling emergence.
