Table 4 The effect of vitamin A on TNF-α and IL-6 in review studies.
Author, year | Country | Population (N) | Type of intervention | Age (year) | Sex | Dose (IU/day) | Duration (week) | Factor | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kurt Z Long (2011) | Washington | 127 | Vit A | 2 | Both | 32,500 | 40 | TNF-α, IL-6 | In supplemented children, detectable fecal TNF-α or IL-6 concentrations were associated with shorter E. coli infection durations |
Kurt Z Long (2005) | Washington | 127 | Vit A | 2 | Both | 32,200 | 60 | IL-6 | Vitamin A supplementation significantly decreased the IL-6 fecal level |
M. D. TABONE (1992) | France | 80 | Vit A | 36.7 | Both | No reported | No reported | IL-6 | IL-6 has inversely correlated with vitamin A supplementation |
Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi (2016) | Iran | 56 | Retinyl palmitate | 4 months | Female | 25,000 IU | 16 | IL-6 | A significant decrease in IL-6 was observed at the end of the study (p < 0.05) |
Sama Bitarafan (2019) | Iran | 36 | Retinyl palmitate | 35 | Both | 25,000 IU | 24 | TNF-α IL-6 | No significant difference between these two factors was found between the placebo and control groups |
Shaikh M. Ahmad (2010) | Brazil | 79 | Retinol | 12 months | Both | 4 × 60 mg Equivalent | 8 | TNF-α IL-6 | There was no significant difference in IL-6 but TNFα levels were decreased in the intervention group |
Kristoffer Jarlov Jensen (2014) | Guinea-Bissau | 311 | Vit A | 4.5 months | Both | 50,000 IU | 6 | TNF-α IL-6 | The results were not significant in the treatment and control groups |
Ekrem Boyali (2017) | Turkey | 10 | Vit A | 23.5 | Male | 100,000 | 4 | IL-6 and TNF-α | Serum IL-6 levels in the athletes were not affected by either exercise or vitamin supplementation |
Shaikh M. Ahmad (2009) | Bangladesh | 36 | Vit A | 25 | Male | 240,000 | 56 | IL-6 | the high Vit A group tended to secrete less IL-6 |
