Figure 3

Effect of STDP on the synchronization of WB and ML neurons. The left column corresponds to two coupled Wang–Buzsáki neurons, and the right column represents two coupled Morris–Lecar neurons. The top and bottom rows correspond to modes (i) and (ii), respectively. (a,b) Arnold tongues of synchronous asymptotic mode (i) with different winding numbers \(w=n/1\), \(n=2,3\), and 4. (c,d) Arnold tongues of synchronous asymptotic mode (ii) with the winding number \(w=1/1\). As in Fig. 2, the blue dotted curves show the boundaries of ATs for fixed synaptic weights. The colored areas mark different frequency locking zones obtained by direct numerical simulation of two coupled neurons in the presence of STDP. The red lines show approximations of AT boundaries near resonances, defined by the general analytical expressions (35) and (38). The equations of the WB and ML neuron models and their parameters are given in “Biophysical neuron models”. Values of other parameters: (a,c) \(T_1= 500\), \(p=d=0.002\), \(\tau _d = T_1/2\), \(\tau _p=\tau _d/3\); (b,d) \(T_1 = 86.27\), \(p=d=0.002\), \(\tau _d = T_1/2\), \(\tau _p = \tau _d/4\).