Figure 4 | Scientific Reports

Figure 4

From: Proline, hydroxyproline, and pyrrolidone carboxylic acid derivatives as highly efficient but reversible transdermal permeation enhancers

Figure 4The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

Interactions of the studied enhancers Pro2, Pro3, and Pro4 with human stratum corneum examined by infrared spectroscopy: methylene symmetric stretching wavenumbers indicative of decreased lipid chain order (A), amide I band with no significant effect on protein conformation (B), and relative intensities of the methylene symmetric stretching band to amide I band indicating no significant lipid extraction (C). Data are presented as the means ± SEM; n ≥ 3. *Statistically significant difference compared to control (60% PG without enhancer) at p < 0.05.

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