Figure 1 | Scientific Reports

Figure 1

From: Osteogenic differentiation and proliferation potentials of human bone marrow and umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells on the 3D-printed hydroxyapatite scaffolds

Figure 1

The characteristics of 3D-printed scaffolds. (A) The XRD patterns showing the broad peaks of both samples indicate low crystalline nature and a monophasic phase of hydroxyapatite in the HA sample and hydroxyapatite/octacalcium phosphate phases in the coated HA sample. (B) Table displaying the porosity, pore size, and phase ratio of HA: OCP of the samples. (C) Microstructure of 3D-printed HA (HA) showing a porous nature (left, × 500) which was formed by the entanglement of the needle-like crystals of HA (right, × 2,500). (D) Microstructure of coated 3D-printed HA (coated HA) showing a porous structure (left, × 500) comprising a mixture of the needle-like crystals of HA and the OCP crystals as indicated by red arrows (middle, × 2,500), which were leaf-like crystals (right, × 20,000).

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