Figure 3

Conceptual illustration of the use of response features for identification of the promising regions of the parameter space. Shown are: optimum design manifold (here, demonstrated for a dual-band antenna optimized with respect to two operating frequencies f1 and f2), the vertical axis being one of antenna geometry parameters; black circles corresponding to random observables with their response features (here, antenna resonance allocation) extracted. Note that the observables are not optimized, therefore, they are generally away from the optimum design manifold; however, they can still be used to produce a rough approximation of the manifold by associating the response features with the objective space of f1 and f2 (cf. “Identification of promising regions by inverse regression models” section).