Table 1 Equations of the thermal fluid properties.

Liquidsa

Pressurized water^a

\({c}_{p}=0.01755{ T}^{2}-11.15 T+5931\) (11)

\(\kappa =-4.9\times {10}^{-6} {T}^{2}+0.00389 T-0.098\) (12)

\(\rho =-0.00225 {T}^{2}+0.895 T+928\) (13)

\(\mu =1.6\times {10}^{-8} {T}^{2}-1.52\times {10}^{-5} T+0.00371\) (14)

Therminol VP-1^a

\({c}_{p}=1.058\times {10}^{-3} {T}^{3}-0.01458 {T}^{2}+9.192 T-156\) (15)

\(\kappa =-8.7\times {10}^{-24}{T}^{3}-1.786\times {10}^{-7} {T}^{2}+1.357\times {10}^{-5} T+0.147\) (16)

\(\rho =-2.25\times {10}^{-6} {T}^{3}+0.002511 {T}^{2}-1.746 T+1405\) (17)

\(\mu =7.542\times {10}^{-13} {T}^{4}-1.688\times {10}^{-9} {T}^{3}+1.403\times {10}^{-6} {T}^{2}-0.0005154 T+0.07097\) (18)

Molten solar salt³³

\({c}_{p}=1443+0.172 (T-273.15)\) (19)

\(\kappa =0.443+1.9\times {10}^{-4}(T-273.15)\) (20)

\(\rho =2090-0.636 (T-273.15)\) (21)

\(\mu =2.2714\times {10}^{-2}-1.2\times {10}^{-4}\left(T-273.15\right)+2.281\times {10}^{-7}{\left(T-273.15\right)}^{2}-1.474\times {10}^{-10}{\left(T-273.15\right)}^{3}\) (22)

Sodium³³

\({c}_{p}=1658.2-0.8479T+4.4541\times {10}^{-4} {T}^{2}-2.9926\times {10}^{6} {T}^{-2}\)(23)

\(\kappa =124.67-0.11381 T+5.5226\times {10}^{-5} {T}^{2}-1.1842\times {10}^{-8} {T}^{3}\) (24)

\(\rho =219+275.32\left(1-\frac{T}{2503.7}\right)+511.58{\left(1-\frac{T}{2503.7}\right)}^{0.5}\) (25)

\(\mu =Exp\left(-6.4406-0.3958 ln\left(T\right)+\frac{556.835}{T}\right)\) (26)

Syltherm 800¹⁵

\({c}_{p}=1.7075 T+1574.3\) (27)

\(\kappa =0.000188 T+0.138769\) (28)

\(\rho =-0.001 {T}^{2}-0.5325 T+919.01\) (29)

\(\mu =26.67122 {T}^{-1.917}\) (30)

Gases

Air^a

\({c}_{p}=1.573\times {10}^{-10} {T}^{4}-5.773\times {10}^{-7} {T}^{3}+0.0006741 {T}^{2}-0.09144 T+1002\) (31)

\(\kappa =9.518\times {10}^{-12} {T}^{3}-3.695\times {10}^{-8} {T}^{2}+8.724\times {10}^{-5} T+0.01312\) (32)

\(\rho =7.051\times {10}^{-13} {T}^{4}-2.875\times {10}^{-9} {T}^{3}+4.557\times {10}^{-6} {T}^{2}-0.003584 T+1.505\) (33)

\(\mu =-3.105\times {10}^{-22} {T}^{6}+1.49\times {10}^{-18} {T}^{5}-2.869\times {10}^{-15} {T}^{4}+2.833\times {10}^{-12} {T}^{3}-1.521\times {10}^{-9} {T}^{2}+4.527\times {10}^{-7} T-3.054\times {10}^{-5}\) (34)

Carbon dioxide³³

\({c}_{p}=651+0.918 T-3.32\times {10}^{-4} {T}^{2}\) (35)

\(\kappa =-1.1\times {10}^{-2}+9.74\times {10}^{-5} T-1.57\times {10}^{-8} {T}^{2}\) (36)

\(\rho =\frac{P}{{R}_{C{O}_{2}} T}\) (37)

\(\mu =5.94\times {10}^{-7}+5.3\times {10}^{-8} T-1.23\times {10}^{-11}{T}^{2}\) (38)

Helium³³

\({c}_{p}=5183+8.97\times {10}^{-3} T-2.58\times {10}^{-6} {T}^{2}\) (39)

\(\kappa =7.08\times {10}^{-2}+3.33\times {10}^{-4} T-3.91\times {10}^{-8} {T}^{2}\) (40)

\(\rho =\frac{P}{{R}_{He} T}\) (41)

\(\mu =8.64\times {10}^{-6}+4.23\times {10}^{-8} T-4.7\times {10}^{-12} {T}^{2}\) (42)

Hydrogen³³

\({c}_{p}=14994-1.72 T+1.72\times {10}^{-3} {T}^{2}\) (43)

\(\kappa =5.94\times {10}^{-2}+4.32\times {10}^{-4} T+3.6\times {10}^{-8} {T}^{2}\) (44)

\(\rho =\frac{P}{{R}_{H2} T}\) (45)

\(\mu =3.69\times {10}^{-6}+1.97\times {10}^{-8} T-3.08\times {10}^{-12} {T}^{2}\) (46)