Figure 1

Cell viability improved with perfusion cell culture by water level difference (PCC-WLD). (a) Schematic of perfusion cell culture by water level difference (PCC-WLD) and control (static). (b) Flow rate of DMEM through the Transwell. n = 3 independent experiments. Mean ± S.E. (c) Schematic image of sample cutting. Dot line indicates where the samples were cut. Surface and central part of the cross section were observed. (d) Fluorescent images of the static and perfusion cell culture based on the live/dead cell assay. Cyan, Hoechst. Green, phalloidin Magenta, reflection interference (RIF). Scale bar, 200 μm. (e) The analysis of (d). n = at least 8 fields from 3 independent experiments. Mean ± S.E. *p < 0.0001 by Student’s t test.