Table 2 Characteristics at enrolment of subjects who had AFL, dyspnoea or both at follow-up (N = 5086).

From: Development of airflow limitation, dyspnoea, and both in the general population: the Nagahama study

 

AFL at follow-up

Dyspnoea at follow-up

AFL with dyspnoea at follow-up

Normal at follow-up

N

449

1,021

100

3716

Age, years

63 (± 8)*

61 (± 9)*

64 (± 8)*

58 (± 9)

Female, N (%)

202 (45)*

702 (69)

50 (50)*

2564 (69)

Height, cm

162 (± 8)*

158 (± 8)

161 (± 8)*

159 (± 8)

Weight, kg

59 (± 10)*

58 (± 10)*

59 (± 11)*

57 (± 10)

BMI, kg/m2

22.4 (± 2.8)

23 (± 3.3)*

22.8 (± 3.3)

22.3 (± 2.9)

Smoking status, N (%)

219 (49)*

307 (30)

48 (48)*

1052 (28)

Current

98 (22)*

131 (13) *

27 (27)*

328 (9)

Former

121 (27)*

176 (17)

21 (21)

724 (19)

Pulmonary function test

%FEV1, %

96 (± 14)*

103 (± 15)*

94 (± 14)*

106 (± 14)

%FVC, %

99 (± 16)*

99 (± 15)*

98 (± 15)*

102 (± 14)

FEV1/FVC

0.76 (± 0.04)*

0.82 (± 0.05)*

0.76 (± 0.04)*

0.83 (± 0.05)

Comorbidities, N (%)

Hypertension

128 (29)*

303 (30)*

30 (30)*

792 (21)

Diabetes

31 (7)

72 (7)

6 (6)

229 (6)

Cardiovascular disease

23 (5)

77 (8)*

11 (11)*

133 (4)

  1. All values are expressed as the mean (± SD) except categorical variables, which are expressed as N (%). SD standard division, AFL airflow limitation, BMI body mass index, FEV1 forced expiratory volume in 1 s, FVC forced vital capacity. *P < 0.05, compared with normal subjects without AFL or dyspnoea at follow-up.
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