Table 3 Risks associated with the development of AFL (A) and dyspnoea (B) at 5 years.
From: Development of airflow limitation, dyspnoea, and both in the general population: the Nagahama study
(A) | RRb | Adjusted RRb | (B) | RRb | Adjusted RRb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age ≥ 60 years | 2.24 (1.84–2.74) | 1.58 (1.40–1.79) | Age ≥ 60 years | 1.41 (1.26–1.58) | 1.22 (1.13–1.31) |
Female | 0.39 (0.33–0.47) | 0.66 (0.57–0.77) | Female | 1.07 (0.95–1.21) | 1.19 (1.06–1.32) |
Smoking status | Smoking history | ||||
Current vs. former | 1.54 (1.20–1.97) | 2.04 (1.45–2.87) | Current vs. former | 1.41 (1.15–1.72) | 1.79 (1.37–2.34) |
Former vs. never | 1.86 (1.51–2.29) | 1.06 (0.76–1.48) | Former vs. never | 0.82 (0.75–1.01) | 0.93 (0.73–1.19) |
BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 | 0.77 (0.61–1.00) | 0.76 (0.65–0.88) | BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 | 1.39 (1.23–1.57) | 1.21 (1.11–1.32) |
Hypertension | 1.31 (1.07–1.59) | 1.08 (0.95–1.22) | Hypertension | 1.38 (1.23–1.55) | 1.14 (1.05–1.24) |
Diabetes | 1.08 (0.76–1.53) | 0.82 (0.67–1.02) | Diabetes | 1.13 (0.92–1.39) | 0.99 (0.85–1.14) |
Cardiovascular disease | 1.19 (0.80–1.76) | 0.95 (0.75–1.21) | Cardiovascular disease | 1.79 (1.48–2.16) | 1.43 (1.22–1.69) |
%FEV1 < 80% | 3.74 (2.96–4.73) | 2.17 (1.77–2.67) | %FEV1 < 80% | 1.27 (0.99–1.63) | 1.15 (0.96–1.37) |
FEV1/FVC < LLN | 5.51 (3.98–7.63) | 4.61 (3.00–7.06) | FEV1/FVC < LLN | 0.77 (0.39–1.53) | 0.96 (0.64–1.43) |
SP-370 at follow-upa | 2.28 (1.61–3.22) | 1.58 (1.31–1.90) | SP-370 at follow-upa | 1.08 (0.92–1.27) | 1.03 (0.94–1.14) |
