Table 1 Demographics and surgical outcomes of LSC and RAS colon surgery. Abbreviations: LSC: laparoscopy; RAS: robotic assisted surgery; PSM: propensity score matching; ERAS: enhanced recovery after surgery; RH: right hemicolectomy; LH: left hemicolectomy; AR: anterior resection.
From: Learning curve and surgical outcome of robotic assisted colorectal surgery with ERAS program
Colon surgery | Original data | PSM (Gender, age, ASA, lesion sideness) | Robotic ERAS PSM | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LSC all (n = 103) | RAS all (n = 74) | pvalue | LSC (n = 71) | RAS (n = 71) | p value | Convention LSC (n = 50) | Robotic ERAS (n = 50) | p value | ||||||
Gender | 0.429 | 1.000 | 0.838 | |||||||||||
Male | 40 (39%) | 34 (46%) | 32 (45%) | 32 (45%) | 19 (38%) | 21 (42%) | ||||||||
Female | 63 (61%) | 40 (54%) | 39 (55%) | 39 (55%) | 31 (62%) | 29 (58%) | ||||||||
Age | 66.0 (53.0–76.0) | 62.0 (50.0–72.3) | 0.392 | 66.0 (55.0–75.0) | 62.0 (50.0–72.0) | 0.176 | 64.0 (55.8–78.0) | 61.5 (50.8–71.3) | 0.191 | |||||
ASA | 0.827 | 0.852 | 0.378 | |||||||||||
1 + 2 | 71 (69%) | 53 (72%) | 50 (70%) | 52 (73%) | 33 (66%) | 38 (76%) | ||||||||
3 | 32 (31%) | 21 (28%) | 21 (30%) | 19 (27%) | 17 (34%) | 12 (24%) | ||||||||
BMI | 0.676 | 0.384 | 0.841 | |||||||||||
< 24.9 | 65 (64%) | 44 (59%) | 48 (68%) | 42 (59%) | 26 (52%) | 28 (56%) | ||||||||
≥ 25 | 37 (36%) | 30 (41%) | 23 (32%) | 29 (41%) | 24 (48%) | 22 (44%) | ||||||||
Disease | 0.677 | 1.000 | 0.758 | |||||||||||
Benign | 16 (16%) | 9 (12%) | 9 (13%) | 9 (13%) | 7 (14%) | 5 (10%) | ||||||||
Malignant | 87 (84%) | 65 (88%) | 62 (87%) | 62 (87%) | 43 (86%) | 45 (90%) | ||||||||
Adenocarcinoma | 86 (83%) | 65 (88%) | 0.555 | 62 (87%) | 62 (87%) | 1.000 | 42 (84%) | 45 (90%) | 0.552 | |||||
Lesion sideness | 0.158 | 1.000 | 0.809 | |||||||||||
Right (A, T) | 41 (40%) | 21 (28%) | 20 (28%) | 20 (28%) | 10 (20%) | 12 (24%) | ||||||||
Left (D, S) | 62 (60%) | 53 (72%) | 51 (72%) | 51 (72%) | 40 (80%) | 38 (76%) | ||||||||
Surgery type | 0.405 | 0.738 | 0.598 | |||||||||||
RH | 37 (36%) | 18 (24%) | 19 (27%) | 17 (24%) | 9 (18%) | 11 (22%) | ||||||||
LH | 5 (5%) | 4 (5%) | 5 (7%) | 4 (6%) | 4 (8%) | 2 (4%) | ||||||||
AR | 59 (57%) | 51 (69%) | 47 (66%) | 49 (69%) | 37 (74%) | 36 (72%) | ||||||||
Subtotal | 2 (2%) | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (2%) | ||||||||
Combine surgery | 16 (16%) | 6 (8%) | 0.213 | 12 (17%) | 6 (8%) | 0.207 | 5 (10%) | 2 (4%) | 0.436 | |||||
Surgeon | 0.305 | 0.856 | 0.127 | |||||||||||
A | 78 (76%) | 50 (68%) | 50 (70%) | 48 (68%) | 31 (62%) | 39 (78%) | ||||||||
B | 25 (24%) | 24 (32%) | 21 (30%) | 23 (32%) | 19 (38%) | 11 (22%) | ||||||||
ERAS | 21 (20%) | 61 (82%) | < 0.001** | 14 (20%) | 58 (82%) | < 0.001** | 0 (0%) | 50 (100%) | < 0.001** | |||||
Operation time | ||||||||||||||
Mean | 190.3 ± 57 | 273.9 ± 83 | < 0.001** | 188.2 ± 58 | 272.7 ± 82 | < 0.001** | 186.0 ± 55 | 257.4 ± 61 | < 0.001** | |||||
Median | 177.0 (150.0–219.0) | 259.0 (223.0–306.5) | 175.0 (150.0–213.0) | 259.0 (220.0–304.0) | 175.0 (143.8–216.3) | 239.0 (219.8–285.8) | ||||||||
Stoma+ | 2 (2%) | 3 (4%) | 0.403 | 1 (1%) | 3 (4%) | 0.366 | 1 (2%) | 1 (2%) | 1.000 | |||||
Blood loss | ||||||||||||||
Mean | 49.3 ± 68 | 88.3 ± 167 | 0.025* | 51.1 ± 65 | 90.7 ± 170 | 0.084 | 39.4 ± 30 | 74.6 ± 177 | 0.371 | |||||
Median | 30.0 (30.0–30.0) | 30.0 (30.0–35.0) | 30.0 (30.0–30.0) | 30.0 (30.0–50.0) | 30.0 (30.0–30.0) | 30.0 (30.0–30.0) | ||||||||
Open rate | 5 (5%) | 1 (1%) | 0.403 | 2 (3%) | 1 (1%) | 1.000 | 1 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 1.000 | |||||
p stage | 0.119 | 0.202 | 0.051 | |||||||||||
0, 1 | 26 (32%) | 11 (17%) | 17 (30%) | 10 (16%) | 17 (41%) | 8 (18%) | ||||||||
2, 3 | 48 (59%) | 47 (72%) | 35 (61%) | 46 (74%) | 22 (54%) | 33 (73%) | ||||||||
4 | 8 (10%) | 7 (11%) | 5 (9%) | 6 (10%) | 2 (5%) | 4 (9%) | ||||||||
Distal margin, mean | 6.1 ± 5.7 | 4.3 ± 2.7 | 0.054 | 5.4 ± 4.4 | 4.3 ± 2.7 | 0.166 | 4.8 ± 3.8 | 4.4 ± 2.6 | 0.955 | |||||
Hospital stay | ||||||||||||||
Mean | 9.2 ± 9.6 | 6.4 ± 4.8 | < 0.001** | 9.3 ± 10.2 | 6.3 ± 4.6 | < 0.001** | 10.0 ± 11.9 | 5.5 ± 4.5 | < 0.001** | |||||
Median | 6.0 (5.0–10.0) | 5.0 (4.0–7.0) | 7.0 (5.0–10.0) | 5.0 (4.0–7.0) | 7.0 (6.0–9.3) | 4.0 (4.0–6.0) | ||||||||
Complication | ||||||||||||||
Minor | 23 (22%) | 7 (9%) | 0.041* | 20 (28%) | 7 (10%) | 0.010* | 10 (20%) | 3 (6%) | 0.074 | |||||
Major | 4 (4%) | 2 (3%) | 1.000 | 2 (3%) | 2 (3%) | 1.000 | 3 (6%) | 1 (2%) | 0.617 | |||||
Leakage rate | 1 (1%) | 3 (4%) | 0.310 | 1 (1%) | 3 (4%) | 0.620 | 1 (2%) | 2 (4%) | 1.000 | |||||
