Figure 8 | Scientific Reports

Figure 8

From: Prediction of oxygen requirement in patients with COVID-19 using a pre-trained chest radiograph xAI model: efficient development of auditable risk prediction models via a fine-tuning approach

Figure 8

AP CXR of a 79-year-old man with COVID-19 and respiratory insufficiency and AI prediction of most likely stage of oxygen requirement at 24 and 72 h from the time of ED admission. (a) AP CXR obtained on ED admission, (b) Clinical information and infection-associated radiographic labels identified by our CXR xAI model, (c) Final prediction of oxygen requirement after 24 and 72 h. Our COVID-19 xAI model predicted that the patient would require MV after 24 and 72 h, (d) Prediction probabilities for 7 infection-associated radiographic labels are summarized in the interpretation table and 4 similar CXRs with characteristic findings for pneumonia were selected from the Model-Derived Atlas, (e) Pneumonia was identified as a significant feature, based on high prediction probability and calibrated classifier confidence on the AI scoreboard, (f) Pneumonia was correctly localized by Grad-CAM, and on UMAP, the test patch was closely located to corresponding patches from the Model-Derived Atlas in the embedding space after dimensionality reduction.

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