Table 1 Minimum inhibitory concentration of the Brazilian Red Propolis crude hydroalcoholic extract, and fractions against periodontopathogenic bacteria.

From: Potential in vitro anti-periodontopathogenic, anti-Chikungunya activities and in vivo toxicity of Brazilian red propolis

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (µg/mL)

Crude extract

Fractions

Bacteria

Dichloromethane

Ethyl acetate

Hexane

n-Butanol

Porphyromonas gingivalis (ATCC 49417)

3.12

1.56

12.5

3.12

100

Porphyromonas gingivalis (clinical isolate)

12.5

25

400

100

Fusobacterium nucleatum (ATCC 10953)

100

200

400

Fusobacterium nucleatum (clinical isolate)

12.5

12.5

400

Prevotella intermedia (ATCC 15033)

6.25

6.25

200

200

200

Prevotella intermedia (clinical isolate)

50

100

400

Actinomyces naeslundii (ATCC 19039)

25

25

400

Actinomyces naeslundii (clinical isolate)

100

100

400

400

400

  1. aTechnique control strains: Bacteroides fragilis (ATCC 25285) and Bacterioides thetaiotaomicron (ATCC 29741)—Metronidazole: 1.47 and 2.95 µg/mL, respectively.—> 400 µg/mL was considered inactive.