Table 1 Comparisons between the two groups with and without COVID-19-related stress.

Variable	Overall (N = 215)		CS(−) (n = 118)		CS( +) (n = 97)		P-value
Variable	Median[Q1,Q3] n (%)		Median[Q1,Q3] n (%)		Median[Q1,Q3] n (%)		P-value
Age, years	74.0 [70.0, 79.0]		75.0[71.0, 78.0]		74.0[69.0, 79.0]		0.262
Women, n (%)	158	(69.8)	82	(69.5)	76	(78.4)	0.164
Current smokers, n (%)	10	(4.7)	7	(5.9)	3	(3.1)	0.517
BMI	22.7 [20.6, 25.2]		22.6[20.9, 25.3]		22.7[20.5, 24.5]		0.672
JST-IC score	13.0 [11.0, 15.0]		13.0[11.0, 15.0]		13.0[11.0, 15.0]		0.435
Medical history, n (%)
Malignant neoplasm	32	(14.9)	17	(14.4)	15	(15.5)	0.849
Stroke	6	(2.8)	2	(1.7)	4	(4.1)	0.413
Myocardial infarction	3	(1.4)	3	(2.5)	0	(0.0)	0.254
Depression	4	(1.9)	2	(1.7)	2	(2.1)	1.000
Osteoarthritis	38	(17.7)	20	(16.9)	18	(18.6)	0.858
Depressive tendencies	23	(10.7)	10	(8.5)	13	(13.4)	0.273
Oral function
Number of teeth	22.0 [15.0, 26.0]		22.0[15.0, 25.0]		23.0[17.0, 26.0]		0.086
TCI (%)	27.8 [11.1, 50.0]		25.0[11.1, 50.0]		33.3[11.1, 50.0]		0.832
Oral moisture	28.8 [27.5, 29.9]		28.8[27.5, 30.0]		28.9[27.5, 29.9]		0.955
Occlusal force (N)	550.3 [365.6, 825.0]		577.1[366.3, 825.0]		528.7[365.6, 794.0]		0.590
ODK (times/s)	5.8 [5.6, 6.4]		5.8[5.4, 6.2]		6.0[5.6, 6.4]		0.051
Tongue pressure (kPa)	34.9 [30.1, 38.8]		34.8[30.0, 38.8]		35.2[30.1, 39.0]		0.982
Masticatory function (mg/dL)	211.0 [172.0, 242.0]		202.0[169.5, 236.0]		214.0[177.0, 236.0]		0.766
Oral hypofunction	57	(26.5)	32	(27.1)	25	(25.8)	0.877

Categorical variables are shown as numbers (percentages) and were analyzed by performing either the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. Continuous variables are expressed as median [Q1, Q3], and were analyzed by performing the Mann–Whitney U test. P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Abbreviations: BMI body mass index; CS COVID-19-related stress; JST-IC Japan Science and Technology Agency Index of Competence; ODK oral diadochokinesis; Q1, first quartile; Q3 third quartile; TCI tongue coating index.

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