Table 2 Comparison between the two groups with and without lack of exercise habits.

From: COVID-19-related stress, exercise, and oral health-related quality of life among community-dwelling older adults who participated in the CHEER Iwamizawa project, Japan

Variable

LEH(−) (n = 156)

LEH( +) (n = 59)

P-value

Median[Q1,Q3]

n (%)

Median[Q1,Q3]

n (%)

Age, years

74.0[70.0, 78.5]

74.0[70.0, 78.5]

0.956

Women, n(%)

117

(75.0)

41

(69.5)

0.489

Current smokers, n (%)

5

(3.2)

5

(8.5)

0.142

BMI

22.3[20.4, 24.2]

23.9[20.8, 26.1]

0.051

JST-IC score

13.0[11.5, 15.0]

12.0[9.5, 15.0]

0.011

Medical history, n (%)

   

Malignant neoplasm

21

(13.5)

11

(18.6)

0.391

Stroke

5

(3.2)

1

(1.7)

1.000

Myocardial infarction

2

(1.3)

1

(1.7)

1.000

Depression

4

(2.6)

0

(0.0)

0.577

Osteoarthritis

27

(17.3)

11

(18.6)

0.842

Depressive tendencies

14

(9.0)

9

(15.3)

0.217

Oral function

   

Number of teeth

22.0[16.0, 26.0]

22.0[12.5, 27.0]

0.752

TCI (%)

22.2[11.1, 47.2]

33.3[11.1, 61.1]

0.076

Oral moisture

28.8[27.4, 29.9]

29.0[27.9, 30.3]

0.458

Occlusal force (N)

573.5[370.9, 832.4]

458.9[283.3, 757.5]

0.312

ODK (times/s)

6.0[5.6, 6.4]

5.8[5.4, 6.2]

0.139

Tongue pressure (kPa)

34.8[29.3, 38.8]

36.1[32.4, 40.1]

0.068

Masticatory function (mg/dL)

213.0[175.0, 253.0]

205.0[169.5, 232.5]

0.149

Oral hypofunction

42

(26.9)

15

(25.4)

0.864

  1. Categorical variables are shown as numbers (percentages) and were analyzed by performing either the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. Continuous variables are expressed as median [Q1, Q3], and were analyzed by performing the Mann–Whitney U test. P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
  2. Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; JST-IC, Japan Science and Technology Agency Index of Competence; LEH, Lack of exercise habits; ODK, oral diadochokinesis; Q1, first quartile; Q3, third quartile; TCI, tongue coating index.