Figure 5

(D1–D2): Preoperative brain MRI showed hydrocephalus and interstitial edema; D3: Preoperative CT showed hydrocephalus and interstitial edema; (D4): 3D-Slicer reconstructed ventricular system and designed puncture channel; (D5): 3D printing positioning guide; D6: The straight incision (white arrow) is designed according to the positioning guide plate, and the black arrow is the puncture direction; (D7): Choroid plexus and ventricular end of shunt tube from the perspective of transcranial neuroendoscopic; (D8–D9): Postoperative brain CT showed that the shunt tube was located in the frontal horn of lateral ventricle.